2 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
3 * Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs.
4 * Copyright (C) 2008-2009, Red Hat Inc., Ingo Molnar
6 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
7 #include <linux/mmiotrace.h>
8 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
9 #include <linux/compiler.h>
10 #include <linux/highmem.h>
11 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
12 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
13 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
14 #include <linux/vt_kern.h>
15 #include <linux/signal.h>
16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
17 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
18 #include <linux/string.h>
19 #include <linux/module.h>
20 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
21 #include <linux/errno.h>
22 #include <linux/magic.h>
23 #include <linux/sched.h>
24 #include <linux/types.h>
25 #include <linux/init.h>
26 #include <linux/mman.h>
27 #include <linux/tty.h>
28 #include <linux/smp.h>
31 #include <asm-generic/sections.h>
33 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
34 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
35 #include <asm/segment.h>
36 #include <asm/system.h>
37 #include <asm/proto.h>
38 #include <asm/traps.h>
42 * Page fault error code bits:
44 * bit 0 == 0: no page found 1: protection fault
45 * bit 1 == 0: read access 1: write access
46 * bit 2 == 0: kernel-mode access 1: user-mode access
47 * bit 3 == 1: use of reserved bit detected
48 * bit 4 == 1: fault was an instruction fetch
50 enum x86_pf_error_code {
60 * Returns 0 if mmiotrace is disabled, or if the fault is not
61 * handled by mmiotrace:
63 static inline int kmmio_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long addr)
65 if (unlikely(is_kmmio_active()))
66 if (kmmio_handler(regs, addr) == 1)
71 static inline int notify_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs)
75 /* kprobe_running() needs smp_processor_id() */
76 if (kprobes_built_in() && !user_mode_vm(regs)) {
78 if (kprobe_running() && kprobe_fault_handler(regs, 14))
91 * Sometimes AMD Athlon/Opteron CPUs report invalid exceptions on prefetch.
92 * Check that here and ignore it.
96 * Sometimes the CPU reports invalid exceptions on prefetch.
97 * Check that here and ignore it.
99 * Opcode checker based on code by Richard Brunner.
102 check_prefetch_opcode(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned char *instr,
103 unsigned char opcode, int *prefetch)
105 unsigned char instr_hi = opcode & 0xf0;
106 unsigned char instr_lo = opcode & 0x0f;
112 * Values 0x26,0x2E,0x36,0x3E are valid x86 prefixes.
113 * In X86_64 long mode, the CPU will signal invalid
114 * opcode if some of these prefixes are present so
115 * X86_64 will never get here anyway
117 return ((instr_lo & 7) == 0x6);
121 * In AMD64 long mode 0x40..0x4F are valid REX prefixes
122 * Need to figure out under what instruction mode the
123 * instruction was issued. Could check the LDT for lm,
124 * but for now it's good enough to assume that long
125 * mode only uses well known segments or kernel.
127 return (!user_mode(regs)) || (regs->cs == __USER_CS);
130 /* 0x64 thru 0x67 are valid prefixes in all modes. */
131 return (instr_lo & 0xC) == 0x4;
133 /* 0xF0, 0xF2, 0xF3 are valid prefixes in all modes. */
134 return !instr_lo || (instr_lo>>1) == 1;
136 /* Prefetch instruction is 0x0F0D or 0x0F18 */
137 if (probe_kernel_address(instr, opcode))
140 *prefetch = (instr_lo == 0xF) &&
141 (opcode == 0x0D || opcode == 0x18);
149 is_prefetch(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long addr)
151 unsigned char *max_instr;
152 unsigned char *instr;
156 * If it was a exec (instruction fetch) fault on NX page, then
157 * do not ignore the fault:
159 if (error_code & PF_INSTR)
162 instr = (void *)convert_ip_to_linear(current, regs);
163 max_instr = instr + 15;
165 if (user_mode(regs) && instr >= (unsigned char *)TASK_SIZE)
168 while (instr < max_instr) {
169 unsigned char opcode;
171 if (probe_kernel_address(instr, opcode))
176 if (!check_prefetch_opcode(regs, instr, opcode, &prefetch))
183 force_sig_info_fault(int si_signo, int si_code, unsigned long address,
184 struct task_struct *tsk)
188 info.si_signo = si_signo;
190 info.si_code = si_code;
191 info.si_addr = (void __user *)address;
193 force_sig_info(si_signo, &info, tsk);
196 DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pgd_lock);
200 static inline pmd_t *vmalloc_sync_one(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address)
202 unsigned index = pgd_index(address);
208 pgd_k = init_mm.pgd + index;
210 if (!pgd_present(*pgd_k))
214 * set_pgd(pgd, *pgd_k); here would be useless on PAE
215 * and redundant with the set_pmd() on non-PAE. As would
218 pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
219 pud_k = pud_offset(pgd_k, address);
220 if (!pud_present(*pud_k))
223 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
224 pmd_k = pmd_offset(pud_k, address);
225 if (!pmd_present(*pmd_k))
228 if (!pmd_present(*pmd))
229 set_pmd(pmd, *pmd_k);
231 BUG_ON(pmd_page(*pmd) != pmd_page(*pmd_k));
236 void vmalloc_sync_all(void)
238 unsigned long address;
240 if (SHARED_KERNEL_PMD)
243 for (address = VMALLOC_START & PMD_MASK;
244 address >= TASK_SIZE && address < FIXADDR_TOP;
245 address += PMD_SIZE) {
250 spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
251 list_for_each_entry(page, &pgd_list, lru) {
252 if (!vmalloc_sync_one(page_address(page), address))
255 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
262 * Handle a fault on the vmalloc or module mapping area
264 static noinline int vmalloc_fault(unsigned long address)
266 unsigned long pgd_paddr;
270 /* Make sure we are in vmalloc area: */
271 if (!(address >= VMALLOC_START && address < VMALLOC_END))
275 * Synchronize this task's top level page-table
276 * with the 'reference' page table.
278 * Do _not_ use "current" here. We might be inside
279 * an interrupt in the middle of a task switch..
281 pgd_paddr = read_cr3();
282 pmd_k = vmalloc_sync_one(__va(pgd_paddr), address);
286 pte_k = pte_offset_kernel(pmd_k, address);
287 if (!pte_present(*pte_k))
294 * Did it hit the DOS screen memory VA from vm86 mode?
297 check_v8086_mode(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address,
298 struct task_struct *tsk)
302 if (!v8086_mode(regs))
305 bit = (address - 0xA0000) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
307 tsk->thread.screen_bitmap |= 1 << bit;
310 static void dump_pagetable(unsigned long address)
312 __typeof__(pte_val(__pte(0))) page;
315 page = ((__typeof__(page) *) __va(page))[address >> PGDIR_SHIFT];
317 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
318 printk("*pdpt = %016Lx ", page);
319 if ((page >> PAGE_SHIFT) < max_low_pfn
320 && page & _PAGE_PRESENT) {
322 page = ((__typeof__(page) *) __va(page))[(address >> PMD_SHIFT)
323 & (PTRS_PER_PMD - 1)];
324 printk(KERN_CONT "*pde = %016Lx ", page);
328 printk("*pde = %08lx ", page);
332 * We must not directly access the pte in the highpte
333 * case if the page table is located in highmem.
334 * And let's rather not kmap-atomic the pte, just in case
335 * it's allocated already:
337 if ((page >> PAGE_SHIFT) < max_low_pfn
338 && (page & _PAGE_PRESENT)
339 && !(page & _PAGE_PSE)) {
342 page = ((__typeof__(page) *) __va(page))[(address >> PAGE_SHIFT)
343 & (PTRS_PER_PTE - 1)];
344 printk("*pte = %0*Lx ", sizeof(page)*2, (u64)page);
350 #else /* CONFIG_X86_64: */
352 void vmalloc_sync_all(void)
354 unsigned long address;
356 for (address = VMALLOC_START & PGDIR_MASK; address <= VMALLOC_END;
357 address += PGDIR_SIZE) {
359 const pgd_t *pgd_ref = pgd_offset_k(address);
363 if (pgd_none(*pgd_ref))
366 spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
367 list_for_each_entry(page, &pgd_list, lru) {
369 pgd = (pgd_t *)page_address(page) + pgd_index(address);
371 set_pgd(pgd, *pgd_ref);
373 BUG_ON(pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd) != pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd_ref));
375 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
382 * Handle a fault on the vmalloc area
384 * This assumes no large pages in there.
386 static noinline int vmalloc_fault(unsigned long address)
388 pgd_t *pgd, *pgd_ref;
389 pud_t *pud, *pud_ref;
390 pmd_t *pmd, *pmd_ref;
391 pte_t *pte, *pte_ref;
393 /* Make sure we are in vmalloc area: */
394 if (!(address >= VMALLOC_START && address < VMALLOC_END))
398 * Copy kernel mappings over when needed. This can also
399 * happen within a race in page table update. In the later
402 pgd = pgd_offset(current->active_mm, address);
403 pgd_ref = pgd_offset_k(address);
404 if (pgd_none(*pgd_ref))
408 set_pgd(pgd, *pgd_ref);
410 BUG_ON(pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd) != pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd_ref));
413 * Below here mismatches are bugs because these lower tables
417 pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
418 pud_ref = pud_offset(pgd_ref, address);
419 if (pud_none(*pud_ref))
422 if (pud_none(*pud) || pud_page_vaddr(*pud) != pud_page_vaddr(*pud_ref))
425 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
426 pmd_ref = pmd_offset(pud_ref, address);
427 if (pmd_none(*pmd_ref))
430 if (pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_page(*pmd) != pmd_page(*pmd_ref))
433 pte_ref = pte_offset_kernel(pmd_ref, address);
434 if (!pte_present(*pte_ref))
437 pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address);
440 * Don't use pte_page here, because the mappings can point
441 * outside mem_map, and the NUMA hash lookup cannot handle
444 if (!pte_present(*pte) || pte_pfn(*pte) != pte_pfn(*pte_ref))
450 static const char errata93_warning[] =
451 KERN_ERR "******* Your BIOS seems to not contain a fix for K8 errata #93\n"
452 KERN_ERR "******* Working around it, but it may cause SEGVs or burn power.\n"
453 KERN_ERR "******* Please consider a BIOS update.\n"
454 KERN_ERR "******* Disabling USB legacy in the BIOS may also help.\n";
457 * No vm86 mode in 64-bit mode:
460 check_v8086_mode(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address,
461 struct task_struct *tsk)
465 static int bad_address(void *p)
469 return probe_kernel_address((unsigned long *)p, dummy);
472 static void dump_pagetable(unsigned long address)
479 pgd = (pgd_t *)read_cr3();
481 pgd = __va((unsigned long)pgd & PHYSICAL_PAGE_MASK);
483 pgd += pgd_index(address);
484 if (bad_address(pgd))
487 printk("PGD %lx ", pgd_val(*pgd));
489 if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
492 pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
493 if (bad_address(pud))
496 printk("PUD %lx ", pud_val(*pud));
497 if (!pud_present(*pud) || pud_large(*pud))
500 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
501 if (bad_address(pmd))
504 printk("PMD %lx ", pmd_val(*pmd));
505 if (!pmd_present(*pmd) || pmd_large(*pmd))
508 pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address);
509 if (bad_address(pte))
512 printk("PTE %lx", pte_val(*pte));
520 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
523 * Workaround for K8 erratum #93 & buggy BIOS.
525 * BIOS SMM functions are required to use a specific workaround
526 * to avoid corruption of the 64bit RIP register on C stepping K8.
528 * A lot of BIOS that didn't get tested properly miss this.
530 * The OS sees this as a page fault with the upper 32bits of RIP cleared.
531 * Try to work around it here.
533 * Note we only handle faults in kernel here.
534 * Does nothing on 32-bit.
536 static int is_errata93(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address)
541 if (address != regs->ip)
544 if ((address >> 32) != 0)
547 address |= 0xffffffffUL << 32;
548 if ((address >= (u64)_stext && address <= (u64)_etext) ||
549 (address >= MODULES_VADDR && address <= MODULES_END)) {
551 printk(errata93_warning);
562 * Work around K8 erratum #100 K8 in compat mode occasionally jumps
563 * to illegal addresses >4GB.
565 * We catch this in the page fault handler because these addresses
566 * are not reachable. Just detect this case and return. Any code
567 * segment in LDT is compatibility mode.
569 static int is_errata100(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address)
572 if ((regs->cs == __USER32_CS || (regs->cs & (1<<2))) && (address >> 32))
578 static int is_f00f_bug(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address)
580 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_F00F_BUG
584 * Pentium F0 0F C7 C8 bug workaround:
586 if (boot_cpu_data.f00f_bug) {
587 nr = (address - idt_descr.address) >> 3;
590 do_invalid_op(regs, 0);
598 static const char nx_warning[] = KERN_CRIT
599 "kernel tried to execute NX-protected page - exploit attempt? (uid: %d)\n";
602 show_fault_oops(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
603 unsigned long address)
605 if (!oops_may_print())
608 if (error_code & PF_INSTR) {
611 pte_t *pte = lookup_address(address, &level);
613 if (pte && pte_present(*pte) && !pte_exec(*pte))
614 printk(nx_warning, current_uid());
617 printk(KERN_ALERT "BUG: unable to handle kernel ");
618 if (address < PAGE_SIZE)
619 printk(KERN_CONT "NULL pointer dereference");
621 printk(KERN_CONT "paging request");
623 printk(KERN_CONT " at %p\n", (void *) address);
624 printk(KERN_ALERT "IP:");
625 printk_address(regs->ip, 1);
627 dump_pagetable(address);
631 pgtable_bad(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
632 unsigned long address)
634 struct task_struct *tsk;
638 flags = oops_begin();
642 printk(KERN_ALERT "%s: Corrupted page table at address %lx\n",
644 dump_pagetable(address);
646 tsk->thread.cr2 = address;
647 tsk->thread.trap_no = 14;
648 tsk->thread.error_code = error_code;
650 if (__die("Bad pagetable", regs, error_code))
653 oops_end(flags, regs, sig);
657 no_context(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
658 unsigned long address)
660 struct task_struct *tsk = current;
661 unsigned long *stackend;
665 /* Are we prepared to handle this kernel fault? */
666 if (fixup_exception(regs))
672 * Valid to do another page fault here, because if this fault
673 * had been triggered by is_prefetch fixup_exception would have
678 * Hall of shame of CPU/BIOS bugs.
680 if (is_prefetch(regs, error_code, address))
683 if (is_errata93(regs, address))
687 * Oops. The kernel tried to access some bad page. We'll have to
688 * terminate things with extreme prejudice:
690 flags = oops_begin();
692 show_fault_oops(regs, error_code, address);
694 stackend = end_of_stack(tsk);
695 if (*stackend != STACK_END_MAGIC)
696 printk(KERN_ALERT "Thread overran stack, or stack corrupted\n");
698 tsk->thread.cr2 = address;
699 tsk->thread.trap_no = 14;
700 tsk->thread.error_code = error_code;
703 if (__die("Oops", regs, error_code))
706 /* Executive summary in case the body of the oops scrolled away */
707 printk(KERN_EMERG "CR2: %016lx\n", address);
709 oops_end(flags, regs, sig);
713 * Print out info about fatal segfaults, if the show_unhandled_signals
717 show_signal_msg(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
718 unsigned long address, struct task_struct *tsk)
720 if (!unhandled_signal(tsk, SIGSEGV))
723 if (!printk_ratelimit())
726 printk(KERN_CONT "%s%s[%d]: segfault at %lx ip %p sp %p error %lx",
727 task_pid_nr(tsk) > 1 ? KERN_INFO : KERN_EMERG,
728 tsk->comm, task_pid_nr(tsk), address,
729 (void *)regs->ip, (void *)regs->sp, error_code);
731 print_vma_addr(KERN_CONT " in ", regs->ip);
733 printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
737 __bad_area_nosemaphore(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
738 unsigned long address, int si_code)
740 struct task_struct *tsk = current;
742 /* User mode accesses just cause a SIGSEGV */
743 if (error_code & PF_USER) {
745 * It's possible to have interrupts off here:
750 * Valid to do another page fault here because this one came
753 if (is_prefetch(regs, error_code, address))
756 if (is_errata100(regs, address))
759 if (unlikely(show_unhandled_signals))
760 show_signal_msg(regs, error_code, address, tsk);
762 /* Kernel addresses are always protection faults: */
763 tsk->thread.cr2 = address;
764 tsk->thread.error_code = error_code | (address >= TASK_SIZE);
765 tsk->thread.trap_no = 14;
767 force_sig_info_fault(SIGSEGV, si_code, address, tsk);
772 if (is_f00f_bug(regs, address))
775 no_context(regs, error_code, address);
779 bad_area_nosemaphore(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
780 unsigned long address)
782 __bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address, SEGV_MAPERR);
786 __bad_area(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
787 unsigned long address, int si_code)
789 struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
792 * Something tried to access memory that isn't in our memory map..
793 * Fix it, but check if it's kernel or user first..
795 up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
797 __bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address, si_code);
801 bad_area(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address)
803 __bad_area(regs, error_code, address, SEGV_MAPERR);
807 bad_area_access_error(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
808 unsigned long address)
810 __bad_area(regs, error_code, address, SEGV_ACCERR);
813 /* TODO: fixup for "mm-invoke-oom-killer-from-page-fault.patch" */
815 out_of_memory(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
816 unsigned long address)
819 * We ran out of memory, call the OOM killer, and return the userspace
820 * (which will retry the fault, or kill us if we got oom-killed):
822 up_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem);
824 pagefault_out_of_memory();
828 do_sigbus(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address)
830 struct task_struct *tsk = current;
831 struct mm_struct *mm = tsk->mm;
833 up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
835 /* Kernel mode? Handle exceptions or die: */
836 if (!(error_code & PF_USER))
837 no_context(regs, error_code, address);
839 /* User-space => ok to do another page fault: */
840 if (is_prefetch(regs, error_code, address))
843 tsk->thread.cr2 = address;
844 tsk->thread.error_code = error_code;
845 tsk->thread.trap_no = 14;
847 force_sig_info_fault(SIGBUS, BUS_ADRERR, address, tsk);
851 mm_fault_error(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
852 unsigned long address, unsigned int fault)
854 if (fault & VM_FAULT_OOM) {
855 out_of_memory(regs, error_code, address);
857 if (fault & VM_FAULT_SIGBUS)
858 do_sigbus(regs, error_code, address);
864 static int spurious_fault_check(unsigned long error_code, pte_t *pte)
866 if ((error_code & PF_WRITE) && !pte_write(*pte))
869 if ((error_code & PF_INSTR) && !pte_exec(*pte))
876 * Handle a spurious fault caused by a stale TLB entry.
878 * This allows us to lazily refresh the TLB when increasing the
879 * permissions of a kernel page (RO -> RW or NX -> X). Doing it
880 * eagerly is very expensive since that implies doing a full
881 * cross-processor TLB flush, even if no stale TLB entries exist
882 * on other processors.
884 * There are no security implications to leaving a stale TLB when
885 * increasing the permissions on a page.
888 spurious_fault(unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address)
896 /* Reserved-bit violation or user access to kernel space? */
897 if (error_code & (PF_USER | PF_RSVD))
900 pgd = init_mm.pgd + pgd_index(address);
901 if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
904 pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
905 if (!pud_present(*pud))
909 return spurious_fault_check(error_code, (pte_t *) pud);
911 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
912 if (!pmd_present(*pmd))
916 return spurious_fault_check(error_code, (pte_t *) pmd);
918 pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address);
919 if (!pte_present(*pte))
922 ret = spurious_fault_check(error_code, pte);
927 * Make sure we have permissions in PMD.
928 * If not, then there's a bug in the page tables:
930 ret = spurious_fault_check(error_code, (pte_t *) pmd);
931 WARN_ONCE(!ret, "PMD has incorrect permission bits\n");
936 int show_unhandled_signals = 1;
939 access_error(unsigned long error_code, int write, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
942 /* write, present and write, not present: */
943 if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)))
949 if (unlikely(error_code & PF_PROT))
952 /* read, not present: */
953 if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_READ | VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE))))
959 static int fault_in_kernel_space(unsigned long address)
961 return address >= TASK_SIZE_MAX;
965 * This routine handles page faults. It determines the address,
966 * and the problem, and then passes it off to one of the appropriate
969 dotraplinkage void __kprobes
970 do_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)
972 struct vm_area_struct *vma;
973 struct task_struct *tsk;
974 unsigned long address;
975 struct mm_struct *mm;
982 prefetchw(&mm->mmap_sem);
984 /* Get the faulting address: */
985 address = read_cr2();
987 if (unlikely(kmmio_fault(regs, address)))
991 * We fault-in kernel-space virtual memory on-demand. The
992 * 'reference' page table is init_mm.pgd.
994 * NOTE! We MUST NOT take any locks for this case. We may
995 * be in an interrupt or a critical region, and should
996 * only copy the information from the master page table,
999 * This verifies that the fault happens in kernel space
1000 * (error_code & 4) == 0, and that the fault was not a
1001 * protection error (error_code & 9) == 0.
1003 if (unlikely(fault_in_kernel_space(address))) {
1004 if (!(error_code & (PF_RSVD|PF_USER|PF_PROT)) &&
1005 vmalloc_fault(address) >= 0)
1008 /* Can handle a stale RO->RW TLB: */
1009 if (spurious_fault(error_code, address))
1012 /* kprobes don't want to hook the spurious faults: */
1013 if (notify_page_fault(regs))
1016 * Don't take the mm semaphore here. If we fixup a prefetch
1017 * fault we could otherwise deadlock:
1019 bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address);
1024 /* kprobes don't want to hook the spurious faults: */
1025 if (unlikely(notify_page_fault(regs)))
1028 * It's safe to allow irq's after cr2 has been saved and the
1029 * vmalloc fault has been handled.
1031 * User-mode registers count as a user access even for any
1032 * potential system fault or CPU buglet:
1034 if (user_mode_vm(regs)) {
1036 error_code |= PF_USER;
1038 if (regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_IF)
1042 if (unlikely(error_code & PF_RSVD))
1043 pgtable_bad(regs, error_code, address);
1046 * If we're in an interrupt, have no user context or are running
1047 * in an atomic region then we must not take the fault:
1049 if (unlikely(in_atomic() || !mm)) {
1050 bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address);
1055 * When running in the kernel we expect faults to occur only to
1056 * addresses in user space. All other faults represent errors in
1057 * the kernel and should generate an OOPS. Unfortunately, in the
1058 * case of an erroneous fault occurring in a code path which already
1059 * holds mmap_sem we will deadlock attempting to validate the fault
1060 * against the address space. Luckily the kernel only validly
1061 * references user space from well defined areas of code, which are
1062 * listed in the exceptions table.
1064 * As the vast majority of faults will be valid we will only perform
1065 * the source reference check when there is a possibility of a
1066 * deadlock. Attempt to lock the address space, if we cannot we then
1067 * validate the source. If this is invalid we can skip the address
1068 * space check, thus avoiding the deadlock:
1070 if (unlikely(!down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem))) {
1071 if ((error_code & PF_USER) == 0 &&
1072 !search_exception_tables(regs->ip)) {
1073 bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address);
1076 down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
1079 * The above down_read_trylock() might have succeeded in
1080 * which case we'll have missed the might_sleep() from
1086 vma = find_vma(mm, address);
1087 if (unlikely(!vma)) {
1088 bad_area(regs, error_code, address);
1091 if (likely(vma->vm_start <= address))
1093 if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN))) {
1094 bad_area(regs, error_code, address);
1097 if (error_code & PF_USER) {
1099 * Accessing the stack below %sp is always a bug.
1100 * The large cushion allows instructions like enter
1101 * and pusha to work. ("enter $65535, $31" pushes
1102 * 32 pointers and then decrements %sp by 65535.)
1104 if (unlikely(address + 65536 + 32 * sizeof(unsigned long) < regs->sp)) {
1105 bad_area(regs, error_code, address);
1109 if (unlikely(expand_stack(vma, address))) {
1110 bad_area(regs, error_code, address);
1115 * Ok, we have a good vm_area for this memory access, so
1116 * we can handle it..
1119 write = error_code & PF_WRITE;
1121 if (unlikely(access_error(error_code, write, vma))) {
1122 bad_area_access_error(regs, error_code, address);
1127 * If for any reason at all we couldn't handle the fault,
1128 * make sure we exit gracefully rather than endlessly redo
1131 fault = handle_mm_fault(mm, vma, address, write);
1133 if (unlikely(fault & VM_FAULT_ERROR)) {
1134 mm_fault_error(regs, error_code, address, fault);
1138 if (fault & VM_FAULT_MAJOR)
1143 check_v8086_mode(regs, address, tsk);
1145 up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);