2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
23 #include <linux/sort.h>
25 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
27 #include <asm/sections.h>
28 #include <asm/setup.h>
29 #include <asm/sizes.h>
31 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
33 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
34 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
38 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
39 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
41 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
43 unsigned long start, size;
46 start = memparse(p, &endp);
48 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
50 phys_initrd_start = start;
51 phys_initrd_size = size;
55 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
57 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
59 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
60 "please update your bootloader.\n");
61 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
62 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
66 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
68 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
70 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
71 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
75 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
77 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
78 void __init early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
80 phys_initrd_start = start;
81 phys_initrd_size = end - start;
83 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
86 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
87 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
88 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
90 struct meminfo meminfo;
92 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
94 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
95 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
96 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
98 printk("Mem-info:\n");
99 show_free_areas(filter);
101 if (filter & SHOW_MEM_FILTER_PAGE_COUNT)
104 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
105 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
106 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
107 struct page *page, *end;
109 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
110 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
112 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
113 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
117 if (PageReserved(page))
119 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
121 else if (PageSlab(page))
123 else if (!page_count(page))
126 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
128 } while (page < end);
131 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
132 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
133 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
134 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
135 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
136 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
139 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
140 unsigned long *max_high)
142 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
146 *max_low = *max_high = 0;
148 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
149 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
150 unsigned long start, end;
152 start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
153 end = bank_pfn_end(bank);
166 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
167 unsigned long end_pfn)
169 struct memblock_region *reg;
170 unsigned int boot_pages;
175 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
176 * of memory which has already been mapped.
178 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
179 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
180 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
183 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
184 * memory banks over to bootmem.
187 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
188 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
190 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
191 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
192 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
193 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
200 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
203 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
204 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
205 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
206 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
213 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
214 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
218 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
220 unsigned long arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly;
221 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size);
224 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
225 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
226 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
227 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
231 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
232 unsigned long dma_size)
234 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
237 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
238 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
239 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
244 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
245 unsigned long max_high)
247 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
248 struct memblock_region *reg;
251 * initialise the zones.
253 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
256 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
257 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
258 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
260 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
261 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
262 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
266 * Calculate the size of the holes.
267 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
269 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
270 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
271 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
272 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
274 if (start < max_low) {
275 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
276 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
278 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
280 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
281 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
286 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
288 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
291 if (arm_dma_zone_size) {
292 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
293 arm_dma_zone_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
294 arm_dma_limit = PHYS_OFFSET + arm_dma_zone_size - 1;
296 arm_dma_limit = 0xffffffff;
299 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
302 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
303 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
305 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn));
307 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
310 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
311 static void arm_memory_present(void)
315 static void arm_memory_present(void)
317 struct memblock_region *reg;
319 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
320 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
321 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
325 static int __init meminfo_cmp(const void *_a, const void *_b)
327 const struct membank *a = _a, *b = _b;
328 long cmp = bank_pfn_start(a) - bank_pfn_start(b);
329 return cmp < 0 ? -1 : cmp > 0 ? 1 : 0;
332 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi, struct machine_desc *mdesc)
336 sort(&meminfo.bank, meminfo.nr_banks, sizeof(meminfo.bank[0]), meminfo_cmp, NULL);
339 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
340 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
342 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
343 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
344 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
346 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
348 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
349 if (phys_initrd_size &&
350 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
351 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
352 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
353 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
355 if (phys_initrd_size &&
356 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
357 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
358 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
359 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
361 if (phys_initrd_size) {
362 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
364 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
365 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
366 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
370 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
371 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
373 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
381 void __init bootmem_init(void)
383 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
385 max_low = max_high = 0;
387 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
389 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
392 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
393 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
395 arm_memory_present();
398 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
403 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
404 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
405 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
407 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
409 high_memory = __va(((phys_addr_t)max_low << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1) + 1;
412 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
413 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
414 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
416 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
417 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
419 max_low_pfn = max_low - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
420 max_pfn = max_high - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
423 static inline int free_area(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end, char *s)
425 unsigned int pages = 0, size = (end - pfn) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
427 for (; pfn < end; pfn++) {
428 struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
429 ClearPageReserved(page);
430 init_page_count(page);
436 printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s memory: %dK\n", s, size);
442 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
443 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
445 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s, size_t count)
448 for (; count != 0; count -= 4)
453 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
455 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
456 unsigned long pg, pgend;
459 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
461 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
462 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
465 * Convert to physical addresses, and
466 * round start upwards and end downwards.
468 pg = (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
469 pgend = (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
472 * If there are free pages between these,
473 * free the section of the memmap array.
476 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
480 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
482 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
484 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
488 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
489 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
491 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
492 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
494 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
496 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
498 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
499 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
501 bank_start = min(bank_start,
502 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
505 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
506 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
507 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
509 bank_start = round_down(bank_start, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
512 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
513 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
515 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
516 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
519 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
520 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
521 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
523 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
526 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
527 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
528 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
529 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
533 static void __init free_highpages(void)
535 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
536 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
537 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
539 /* set highmem page free */
540 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
541 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
542 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
544 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
548 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
552 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
553 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
554 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
556 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
557 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
561 if (res_start < start)
567 if (res_start != start)
568 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, res_start,
575 /* And now free anything which remains */
577 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, end, NULL);
579 totalram_pages += totalhigh_pages;
584 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
585 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
586 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
588 void __init mem_init(void)
590 unsigned long reserved_pages, free_pages;
591 struct memblock_region *reg;
593 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
594 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
599 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
601 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
602 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
604 totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
607 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
608 totalram_pages += free_area(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET,
609 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(swapper_pg_dir)), NULL);
614 reserved_pages = free_pages = 0;
616 for_each_bank(i, &meminfo) {
617 struct membank *bank = &meminfo.bank[i];
618 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
619 struct page *page, *end;
621 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
622 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
624 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
625 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
628 if (PageReserved(page))
630 else if (!page_count(page))
633 } while (page < end);
637 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
638 * real number of pages we have in this system
640 printk(KERN_INFO "Memory:");
642 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
643 unsigned long pages = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg) -
644 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
645 num_physpages += pages;
646 printk(" %ldMB", pages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
648 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
650 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
651 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
652 free_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
653 reserved_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
654 totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10));
656 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
657 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
658 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
660 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
661 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
662 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
663 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
664 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
666 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
667 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
668 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
669 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
670 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
672 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
673 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
674 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
675 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
676 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
678 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
680 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
681 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
682 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
684 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
685 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
686 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
687 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
688 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
691 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
693 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
694 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
695 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata),
696 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
703 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
704 * be detected at build time already.
707 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
708 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
711 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
712 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
713 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
716 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && num_physpages <= 128) {
717 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
719 * On a machine this small we won't get
720 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
723 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
727 void free_initmem(void)
729 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
730 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
732 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end - &__tcm_start);
733 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_start)),
734 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_end)),
738 poison_init_mem(__init_begin, __init_end - __init_begin);
739 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
740 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_begin)),
741 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_end)),
745 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
747 static int keep_initrd;
749 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
752 poison_init_mem((void *)start, PAGE_ALIGN(end) - start);
753 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(start)),
754 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(end)),
759 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
765 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);