Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
   3         "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
   4
   5 <book id="LinuxKernelAPI">
   6  <bookinfo>
   7   <title>The Linux Kernel API</title>
   8
   9   <legalnotice>
  10    <para>
  11      This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
  12      it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
  13      License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  14      version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
  15      version.
  16    </para>
  17
  18    <para>
  19      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
  20      useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
  21      warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  22      See the GNU General Public License for more details.
  23    </para>
  24
  25    <para>
  26      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
  27      License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
  28      Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
  29      MA 02111-1307 USA
  30    </para>
  31
  32    <para>
  33      For more details see the file COPYING in the source
  34      distribution of Linux.
  35    </para>
  36   </legalnotice>
  37  </bookinfo>
  38
  39 <toc></toc>
  40
  41   <chapter id="Basics">
  42      <title>Driver Basics</title>
  43      <sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title>
  44 !Iinclude/linux/init.h
  45      </sect1>
  46
  47      <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title>
  48 !Iinclude/asm-i386/atomic.h
  49 !Iinclude/asm-i386/unaligned.h
  50      </sect1>
  51
  52      <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title>
  53 !Iinclude/linux/sched.h
  54 !Ekernel/sched.c
  55 !Ekernel/timer.c
  56      </sect1>
  57      <sect1><title>High-resolution timers</title>
  58 !Iinclude/linux/ktime.h
  59 !Iinclude/linux/hrtimer.h
  60 !Ekernel/hrtimer.c
  61      </sect1>
  62      <sect1><title>Workqueues and Kevents</title>
  63 !Ekernel/workqueue.c
  64      </sect1>
  65      <sect1><title>Internal Functions</title>
  66 !Ikernel/exit.c
  67 !Ikernel/signal.c
  68 !Iinclude/linux/kthread.h
  69 !Ekernel/kthread.c
  70      </sect1>
  71
  72      <sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title>
  73 <!--
  74 X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h
  75 -->
  76 !Elib/kobject.c
  77      </sect1>
  78
  79      <sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title>
  80 !Iinclude/linux/kernel.h
  81 !Ekernel/printk.c
  82 !Ekernel/panic.c
  83 !Ekernel/sys.c
  84 !Ekernel/rcupdate.c
  85      </sect1>
  86
  87   </chapter>
  88
  89   <chapter id="adt">
  90      <title>Data Types</title>
  91      <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title>
  92 !Iinclude/linux/list.h
  93      </sect1>
  94   </chapter>
  95
  96   <chapter id="libc">
  97      <title>Basic C Library Functions</title>
  98
  99      <para>
 100        When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are
 101        from the C Library.  Some of the functions have been found generally
 102        useful and they are listed below.  The behaviour of these functions
 103        may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations
 104        are noted in the text.
 105      </para>
 106
 107      <sect1><title>String Conversions</title>
 108 !Ilib/vsprintf.c
 109 !Elib/vsprintf.c
 110      </sect1>
 111      <sect1><title>String Manipulation</title>
 112 <!-- All functions are exported at now
 113 X!Ilib/string.c
 114  -->
 115 !Elib/string.c
 116      </sect1>
 117      <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title>
 118 !Iinclude/asm-i386/bitops.h
 119      </sect1>
 120   </chapter>
 121
 122   <chapter id="kernel-lib">
 123      <title>Basic Kernel Library Functions</title>
 124
 125      <para>
 126        The Linux kernel provides more basic utility functions.
 127      </para>
 128
 129      <sect1><title>Bitmap Operations</title>
 130 !Elib/bitmap.c
 131 !Ilib/bitmap.c
 132      </sect1>
 133
 134      <sect1><title>Command-line Parsing</title>
 135 !Elib/cmdline.c
 136      </sect1>
 137
 138      <sect1><title>CRC Functions</title>
 139 !Elib/crc16.c
 140 !Elib/crc32.c
 141 !Elib/crc-ccitt.c
 142      </sect1>
 143   </chapter>
 144
 145   <chapter id="mm">
 146      <title>Memory Management in Linux</title>
 147      <sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title>
 148 !Iinclude/linux/slab.h
 149 !Emm/slab.c
 150      </sect1>
 151      <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title>
 152 !Iinclude/asm-i386/uaccess.h
 153 !Earch/i386/lib/usercopy.c
 154      </sect1>
 155      <sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title>
 156 !Iinclude/linux/rmap.h
 157 !Emm/readahead.c
 158 !Emm/filemap.c
 159 !Emm/memory.c
 160 !Emm/vmalloc.c
 161 !Emm/mempool.c
 162 !Emm/page-writeback.c
 163 !Emm/truncate.c
 164      </sect1>
 165   </chapter>
 166
 167
 168   <chapter id="ipc">
 169      <title>Kernel IPC facilities</title>
 170
 171      <sect1><title>IPC utilities</title>
 172 !Iipc/util.c
 173      </sect1>
 174   </chapter>
 175
 176   <chapter id="kfifo">
 177      <title>FIFO Buffer</title>
 178      <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title>
 179 !Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h
 180 !Ekernel/kfifo.c
 181      </sect1>
 182   </chapter>
 183
 184   <chapter id="vfs">
 185      <title>The Linux VFS</title>
 186      <sect1><title>The Filesystem types</title>
 187 !Iinclude/linux/fs.h
 188      </sect1>
 189      <sect1><title>The Directory Cache</title>
 190 !Efs/dcache.c
 191 !Iinclude/linux/dcache.h
 192      </sect1>
 193      <sect1><title>Inode Handling</title>
 194 !Efs/inode.c
 195 !Efs/bad_inode.c
 196      </sect1>
 197      <sect1><title>Registration and Superblocks</title>
 198 !Efs/super.c
 199      </sect1>
 200      <sect1><title>File Locks</title>
 201 !Efs/locks.c
 202 !Ifs/locks.c
 203      </sect1>
 204      <sect1><title>Other Functions</title>
 205 !Efs/mpage.c
 206 !Efs/namei.c
 207 !Efs/buffer.c
 208 !Efs/bio.c
 209 !Efs/seq_file.c
 210 !Efs/filesystems.c
 211 !Efs/fs-writeback.c
 212 !Efs/block_dev.c
 213      </sect1>
 214   </chapter>
 215
 216   <chapter id="proc">
 217      <title>The proc filesystem</title>
 218
 219      <sect1><title>sysctl interface</title>
 220 !Ekernel/sysctl.c
 221      </sect1>
 222
 223      <sect1><title>proc filesystem interface</title>
 224 !Ifs/proc/base.c
 225      </sect1>
 226   </chapter>
 227
 228   <chapter id="sysfs">
 229      <title>The Filesystem for Exporting Kernel Objects</title>
 230 !Efs/sysfs/file.c
 231 !Efs/sysfs/symlink.c
 232 !Efs/sysfs/bin.c
 233   </chapter>
 234
 235   <chapter id="debugfs">
 236      <title>The debugfs filesystem</title>
 237
 238      <sect1><title>debugfs interface</title>
 239 !Efs/debugfs/inode.c
 240 !Efs/debugfs/file.c
 241      </sect1>
 242   </chapter>
 243
 244   <chapter id="relayfs">
 245      <title>relay interface support</title>
 246
 247      <para>
 248         Relay interface support
 249         is designed to provide an efficient mechanism for tools and
 250         facilities to relay large amounts of data from kernel space to
 251         user space.
 252      </para>
 253
 254      <sect1><title>relay interface</title>
 255 !Ekernel/relay.c
 256 !Ikernel/relay.c
 257      </sect1>
 258   </chapter>
 259
 260   <chapter id="netcore">
 261      <title>Linux Networking</title>
 262      <sect1><title>Networking Base Types</title>
 263 !Iinclude/linux/net.h
 264      </sect1>
 265      <sect1><title>Socket Buffer Functions</title>
 266 !Iinclude/linux/skbuff.h
 267 !Iinclude/net/sock.h
 268 !Enet/socket.c
 269 !Enet/core/skbuff.c
 270 !Enet/core/sock.c
 271 !Enet/core/datagram.c
 272 !Enet/core/stream.c
 273      </sect1>
 274      <sect1><title>Socket Filter</title>
 275 !Enet/core/filter.c
 276      </sect1>
 277      <sect1><title>Generic Network Statistics</title>
 278 !Iinclude/linux/gen_stats.h
 279 !Enet/core/gen_stats.c
 280 !Enet/core/gen_estimator.c
 281      </sect1>
 282      <sect1><title>SUN RPC subsystem</title>
 283 <!-- The !D functionality is not perfect, garbage has to be protected by comments
 284 !Dnet/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c
 285 -->
 286 !Enet/sunrpc/xdr.c
 287 !Enet/sunrpc/svcsock.c
 288 !Enet/sunrpc/sched.c
 289      </sect1>
 290   </chapter>
 291
 292   <chapter id="netdev">
 293      <title>Network device support</title>
 294      <sect1><title>Driver Support</title>
 295 !Enet/core/dev.c
 296 !Enet/ethernet/eth.c
 297 !Iinclude/linux/etherdevice.h
 298 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 299 X!Enet/core/wireless.c
 300 -->
 301      </sect1>
 302      <sect1><title>Synchronous PPP</title>
 303 !Edrivers/net/wan/syncppp.c
 304      </sect1>
 305   </chapter>
 306
 307   <chapter id="modload">
 308      <title>Module Support</title>
 309      <sect1><title>Module Loading</title>
 310 !Ekernel/kmod.c
 311      </sect1>
 312      <sect1><title>Inter Module support</title>
 313         <para>
 314            Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
 315         </para>
 316 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 317 X!Ekernel/module.c
 318 -->
 319      </sect1>
 320   </chapter>
 321
 322   <chapter id="hardware">
 323      <title>Hardware Interfaces</title>
 324      <sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title>
 325 !Ekernel/irq/manage.c
 326      </sect1>
 327
 328      <sect1><title>DMA Channels</title>
 329 !Ekernel/dma.c
 330      </sect1>
 331
 332      <sect1><title>Resources Management</title>
 333 !Ikernel/resource.c
 334 !Ekernel/resource.c
 335      </sect1>
 336
 337      <sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title>
 338 !Earch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
 339      </sect1>
 340
 341      <sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title>
 342 !Edrivers/pci/pci.c
 343 !Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c
 344 !Edrivers/pci/remove.c
 345 !Edrivers/pci/pci-acpi.c
 346 !Edrivers/pci/search.c
 347 !Edrivers/pci/msi.c
 348 !Edrivers/pci/bus.c
 349 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 350 X!Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c
 351 -->
 352 !Edrivers/pci/probe.c
 353 !Edrivers/pci/rom.c
 354      </sect1>
 355      <sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title>
 356 !Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
 357      </sect1>
 358      <sect1><title>MCA Architecture</title>
 359         <sect2><title>MCA Device Functions</title>
 360            <para>
 361               Refer to the file arch/i386/kernel/mca.c for more information.
 362            </para>
 363 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 364 X!Earch/i386/kernel/mca.c
 365 -->
 366         </sect2>
 367         <sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title>
 368 !Iinclude/asm-i386/mca_dma.h
 369         </sect2>
 370      </sect1>
 371   </chapter>
 372
 373   <chapter id="firmware">
 374      <title>Firmware Interfaces</title>
 375      <sect1><title>DMI Interfaces</title>
 376 !Edrivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
 377      </sect1>
 378   </chapter>
 379
 380   <chapter id="security">
 381      <title>Security Framework</title>
 382 !Esecurity/security.c
 383   </chapter>
 384
 385   <chapter id="audit">
 386      <title>Audit Interfaces</title>
 387 !Ekernel/audit.c
 388 !Ikernel/auditsc.c
 389 !Ikernel/auditfilter.c
 390   </chapter>
 391
 392   <chapter id="accounting">
 393      <title>Accounting Framework</title>
 394 !Ikernel/acct.c
 395   </chapter>
 396
 397   <chapter id="pmfuncs">
 398      <title>Power Management</title>
 399 !Ekernel/power/pm.c
 400   </chapter>
 401
 402   <chapter id="devdrivers">
 403      <title>Device drivers infrastructure</title>
 404      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title>
 405 <!--
 406 X!Iinclude/linux/device.h
 407 -->
 408 !Edrivers/base/driver.c
 409 !Edrivers/base/core.c
 410 !Edrivers/base/class.c
 411 !Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c
 412 !Edrivers/base/transport_class.c
 413 !Edrivers/base/dmapool.c
 414 <!-- Cannot be included, because
 415      attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter
 416  and attribute_container_classdev_to_container
 417      exceed allowed 44 characters maximum
 418 X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c
 419 -->
 420 !Edrivers/base/sys.c
 421 <!--
 422 X!Edrivers/base/interface.c
 423 -->
 424 !Edrivers/base/platform.c
 425 !Edrivers/base/bus.c
 426      </sect1>
 427      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title>
 428 !Edrivers/base/power/main.c
 429 !Edrivers/base/power/resume.c
 430 !Edrivers/base/power/suspend.c
 431      </sect1>
 432      <sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title>
 433 <!-- Internal functions only
 434 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c
 435 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c
 436 X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c
 437 X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c
 438 -->
 439 !Edrivers/acpi/scan.c
 440 !Idrivers/acpi/scan.c
 441 <!-- No correct structured comments
 442 X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c
 443 -->
 444      </sect1>
 445      <sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title>
 446 !Edrivers/pnp/core.c
 447 <!-- No correct structured comments
 448 X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c
 449  -->
 450 !Edrivers/pnp/card.c
 451 !Edrivers/pnp/driver.c
 452 !Edrivers/pnp/manager.c
 453 !Edrivers/pnp/support.c
 454      </sect1>
 455   </chapter>
 456
 457   <chapter id="blkdev">
 458      <title>Block Devices</title>
 459 !Eblock/ll_rw_blk.c
 460   </chapter>
 461
 462   <chapter id="chrdev">
 463         <title>Char devices</title>
 464 !Efs/char_dev.c
 465   </chapter>
 466
 467   <chapter id="miscdev">
 468      <title>Miscellaneous Devices</title>
 469 !Edrivers/char/misc.c
 470   </chapter>
 471
 472   <chapter id="parportdev">
 473      <title>Parallel Port Devices</title>
 474 !Iinclude/linux/parport.h
 475 !Edrivers/parport/ieee1284.c
 476 !Edrivers/parport/share.c
 477 !Idrivers/parport/daisy.c
 478   </chapter>
 479
 480   <chapter id="viddev">
 481      <title>Video4Linux</title>
 482 !Edrivers/media/video/videodev.c
 483   </chapter>
 484
 485   <chapter id="snddev">
 486      <title>Sound Devices</title>
 487 !Iinclude/sound/core.h
 488 !Esound/sound_core.c
 489 !Iinclude/sound/pcm.h
 490 !Esound/core/pcm.c
 491 !Esound/core/device.c
 492 !Esound/core/info.c
 493 !Esound/core/rawmidi.c
 494 !Esound/core/sound.c
 495 !Esound/core/memory.c
 496 !Esound/core/pcm_memory.c
 497 !Esound/core/init.c
 498 !Esound/core/isadma.c
 499 !Esound/core/control.c
 500 !Esound/core/pcm_lib.c
 501 !Esound/core/hwdep.c
 502 !Esound/core/pcm_native.c
 503 !Esound/core/memalloc.c
 504 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 505 X!Isound/sound_firmware.c
 506 -->
 507   </chapter>
 508
 509   <chapter id="uart16x50">
 510      <title>16x50 UART Driver</title>
 511 !Iinclude/linux/serial_core.h
 512 !Edrivers/serial/serial_core.c
 513 !Edrivers/serial/8250.c
 514   </chapter>
 515
 516   <chapter id="z85230">
 517      <title>Z85230 Support Library</title>
 518 !Edrivers/net/wan/z85230.c
 519   </chapter>
 520
 521   <chapter id="fbdev">
 522      <title>Frame Buffer Library</title>
 523
 524      <para>
 525        The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures.
 526        These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h.  They are
 527        fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs.
 528        The last three can be made available to and from userland.
 529      </para>
 530
 531      <para>
 532        fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card.
 533        Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a
 534        collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work.
 535        fb_info is only visible to the kernel.
 536      </para>
 537
 538      <para>
 539        fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card
 540        that are user defined.  With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as
 541        depth and the resolution may be defined.
 542      </para>
 543
 544      <para>
 545        The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the
 546        properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't
 547        be changed otherwise.  A good example of this is the start of the
 548        frame buffer memory.  This "locks" the address of the frame buffer
 549        memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved.
 550      </para>
 551
 552      <para>
 553        The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was
 554        little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things
 555        such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With
 556        the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used
 557        correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked.  fb_monospecs
 558        will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x.
 559      </para>
 560
 561      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title>
 562 !Edrivers/video/fbmem.c
 563      </sect1>
 564 <!--
 565      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title>
 566 X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c
 567      </sect1>
 568 -->
 569      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title>
 570 !Edrivers/video/fbcmap.c
 571      </sect1>
 572 <!-- FIXME:
 573   drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml.  Comment
 574   out until somebody adds docs.  KAO
 575      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title>
 576 X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c
 577      </sect1>
 578 KAO -->
 579      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title>
 580 !Idrivers/video/modedb.c
 581 !Edrivers/video/modedb.c
 582      </sect1>
 583      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title>
 584 !Edrivers/video/macmodes.c
 585      </sect1>
 586      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title>
 587         <para>
 588            Refer to the file drivers/video/console/fonts.c for more information.
 589         </para>
 590 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 591 X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c
 592 -->
 593      </sect1>
 594   </chapter>
 595 </book>