whether the increased speed is worth it.
8. Although synchronize_rcu() is a bit slower than is call_rcu(),
- it usually results in simpler code. So, unless update performance
- is important or the updaters cannot block, synchronize_rcu()
- should be used in preference to call_rcu().
+ it usually results in simpler code. So, unless update
+ performance is critically important or the updaters cannot block,
+ synchronize_rcu() should be used in preference to call_rcu().
+
+ An especially important property of the synchronize_rcu()
+ primitive is that it automatically self-limits: if grace periods
+ are delayed for whatever reason, then the synchronize_rcu()
+ primitive will correspondingly delay updates. In contrast,
+ code using call_rcu() should explicitly limit update rate in
+ cases where grace periods are delayed, as failing to do so can
+ result in excessive realtime latencies or even OOM conditions.
+
+ Ways of gaining this self-limiting property when using call_rcu()
+ include:
+
+ a. Keeping a count of the number of data-structure elements
+ used by the RCU-protected data structure, including those
+ waiting for a grace period to elapse. Enforce a limit
+ on this number, stalling updates as needed to allow
+ previously deferred frees to complete.
+
+ Alternatively, limit only the number awaiting deferred
+ free rather than the total number of elements.
+
+ b. Limiting update rate. For example, if updates occur only
+ once per hour, then no explicit rate limiting is required,
+ unless your system is already badly broken. The dcache
+ subsystem takes this approach -- updates are guarded
+ by a global lock, limiting their rate.
+
+ c. Trusted update -- if updates can only be done manually by
+ superuser or some other trusted user, then it might not
+ be necessary to automatically limit them. The theory
+ here is that superuser already has lots of ways to crash
+ the machine.
+
+ d. Use call_rcu_bh() rather than call_rcu(), in order to take
+ advantage of call_rcu_bh()'s faster grace periods.
+
+ e. Periodically invoke synchronize_rcu(), permitting a limited
+ number of updates per grace period.
9. All RCU list-traversal primitives, which include
list_for_each_rcu(), list_for_each_entry_rcu(),
If you want to wait for some of these other things, you might
instead need to use synchronize_irq() or synchronize_sched().
+
+12. Any lock acquired by an RCU callback must be acquired elsewhere
+ with irq disabled, e.g., via spin_lock_irqsave(). Failing to
+ disable irq on a given acquisition of that lock will result in
+ deadlock as soon as the RCU callback happens to interrupt that
+ acquisition's critical section.
+
+13. SRCU (srcu_read_lock(), srcu_read_unlock(), and synchronize_srcu())
+ may only be invoked from process context. Unlike other forms of
+ RCU, it -is- permissible to block in an SRCU read-side critical
+ section (demarked by srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_unlock()),
+ hence the "SRCU": "sleepable RCU". Please note that if you
+ don't need to sleep in read-side critical sections, you should
+ be using RCU rather than SRCU, because RCU is almost always
+ faster and easier to use than is SRCU.
+
+ Also unlike other forms of RCU, explicit initialization
+ and cleanup is required via init_srcu_struct() and
+ cleanup_srcu_struct(). These are passed a "struct srcu_struct"
+ that defines the scope of a given SRCU domain. Once initialized,
+ the srcu_struct is passed to srcu_read_lock(), srcu_read_unlock()
+ and synchronize_srcu(). A given synchronize_srcu() waits only
+ for SRCU read-side critical sections governed by srcu_read_lock()
+ and srcu_read_unlock() calls that have been passd the same
+ srcu_struct. This property is what makes sleeping read-side
+ critical sections tolerable -- a given subsystem delays only
+ its own updates, not those of other subsystems using SRCU.
+ Therefore, SRCU is less prone to OOM the system than RCU would
+ be if RCU's read-side critical sections were permitted to
+ sleep.
+
+ The ability to sleep in read-side critical sections does not
+ come for free. First, corresponding srcu_read_lock() and
+ srcu_read_unlock() calls must be passed the same srcu_struct.
+ Second, grace-period-detection overhead is amortized only
+ over those updates sharing a given srcu_struct, rather than
+ being globally amortized as they are for other forms of RCU.
+ Therefore, SRCU should be used in preference to rw_semaphore
+ only in extremely read-intensive situations, or in situations
+ requiring SRCU's read-side deadlock immunity or low read-side
+ realtime latency.
+
+ Note that, rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference() relate to
+ SRCU just as they do to other forms of RCU.
git.openpandora.org / pandora-kernel.git / blobdiff