4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
8 * This function is used through-out the kernel (including mm and fs)
9 * to indicate a major problem.
11 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
12 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
13 #include <linux/kmsg_dump.h>
14 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
15 #include <linux/notifier.h>
16 #include <linux/module.h>
17 #include <linux/random.h>
18 #include <linux/reboot.h>
19 #include <linux/delay.h>
20 #include <linux/kexec.h>
21 #include <linux/sched.h>
22 #include <linux/sysrq.h>
23 #include <linux/init.h>
24 #include <linux/nmi.h>
25 #include <linux/dmi.h>
28 static unsigned long tainted_mask;
29 static int pause_on_oops;
30 static int pause_on_oops_flag;
31 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pause_on_oops_lock);
35 ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(panic_notifier_list);
37 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_notifier_list);
39 static long no_blink(long time)
44 /* Returns how long it waited in ms */
45 long (*panic_blink)(long time);
46 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_blink);
49 * panic - halt the system
50 * @fmt: The text string to print
52 * Display a message, then perform cleanups.
54 * This function never returns.
56 NORET_TYPE void panic(const char * fmt, ...)
58 static char buf[1024];
63 * It's possible to come here directly from a panic-assertion and
64 * not have preempt disabled. Some functions called from here want
65 * preempt to be disabled. No point enabling it later though...
71 vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
73 printk(KERN_EMERG "Kernel panic - not syncing: %s\n",buf);
74 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE
79 * If we have crashed and we have a crash kernel loaded let it handle
81 * Do we want to call this before we try to display a message?
85 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_PANIC);
88 * Note smp_send_stop is the usual smp shutdown function, which
89 * unfortunately means it may not be hardened to work in a panic
94 atomic_notifier_call_chain(&panic_notifier_list, 0, buf);
99 panic_blink = no_blink;
101 if (panic_timeout > 0) {
103 * Delay timeout seconds before rebooting the machine.
104 * We can't use the "normal" timers since we just panicked.
106 printk(KERN_EMERG "Rebooting in %d seconds..", panic_timeout);
108 for (i = 0; i < panic_timeout*1000; ) {
109 touch_nmi_watchdog();
115 * This will not be a clean reboot, with everything
116 * shutting down. But if there is a chance of
117 * rebooting the system it will be rebooted.
123 extern int stop_a_enabled;
124 /* Make sure the user can actually press Stop-A (L1-A) */
126 printk(KERN_EMERG "Press Stop-A (L1-A) to return to the boot prom\n");
129 #if defined(CONFIG_S390)
131 unsigned long caller;
133 caller = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
134 disabled_wait(caller);
139 touch_softlockup_watchdog();
146 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic);
155 static const struct tnt tnts[] = {
156 { TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE, 'P', 'G' },
157 { TAINT_FORCED_MODULE, 'F', ' ' },
158 { TAINT_UNSAFE_SMP, 'S', ' ' },
159 { TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD, 'R', ' ' },
160 { TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK, 'M', ' ' },
161 { TAINT_BAD_PAGE, 'B', ' ' },
162 { TAINT_USER, 'U', ' ' },
163 { TAINT_DIE, 'D', ' ' },
164 { TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE, 'A', ' ' },
165 { TAINT_WARN, 'W', ' ' },
166 { TAINT_CRAP, 'C', ' ' },
170 * print_tainted - return a string to represent the kernel taint state.
172 * 'P' - Proprietary module has been loaded.
173 * 'F' - Module has been forcibly loaded.
174 * 'S' - SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP.
175 * 'R' - User forced a module unload.
176 * 'M' - System experienced a machine check exception.
177 * 'B' - System has hit bad_page.
178 * 'U' - Userspace-defined naughtiness.
179 * 'D' - Kernel has oopsed before
180 * 'A' - ACPI table overridden.
181 * 'W' - Taint on warning.
182 * 'C' - modules from drivers/staging are loaded.
184 * The string is overwritten by the next call to print_tainted().
186 const char *print_tainted(void)
188 static char buf[ARRAY_SIZE(tnts) + sizeof("Tainted: ") + 1];
194 s = buf + sprintf(buf, "Tainted: ");
195 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tnts); i++) {
196 const struct tnt *t = &tnts[i];
197 *s++ = test_bit(t->bit, &tainted_mask) ?
202 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Not tainted");
207 int test_taint(unsigned flag)
209 return test_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
211 EXPORT_SYMBOL(test_taint);
213 unsigned long get_taint(void)
218 void add_taint(unsigned flag)
221 * Can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore.
222 * We don't call directly debug_locks_off() because the issue
223 * is not necessarily serious enough to set oops_in_progress to 1
224 * Also we want to keep up lockdep for staging development and
227 if (flag != TAINT_CRAP && flag != TAINT_WARN && __debug_locks_off())
228 printk(KERN_WARNING "Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint\n");
230 set_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
232 EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_taint);
234 static void spin_msec(int msecs)
238 for (i = 0; i < msecs; i++) {
239 touch_nmi_watchdog();
245 * It just happens that oops_enter() and oops_exit() are identically
248 static void do_oops_enter_exit(void)
251 static int spin_counter;
256 spin_lock_irqsave(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
257 if (pause_on_oops_flag == 0) {
258 /* This CPU may now print the oops message */
259 pause_on_oops_flag = 1;
261 /* We need to stall this CPU */
263 /* This CPU gets to do the counting */
264 spin_counter = pause_on_oops;
266 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
267 spin_msec(MSEC_PER_SEC);
268 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
269 } while (--spin_counter);
270 pause_on_oops_flag = 0;
272 /* This CPU waits for a different one */
273 while (spin_counter) {
274 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
276 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
280 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
284 * Return true if the calling CPU is allowed to print oops-related info.
285 * This is a bit racy..
287 int oops_may_print(void)
289 return pause_on_oops_flag == 0;
293 * Called when the architecture enters its oops handler, before it prints
294 * anything. If this is the first CPU to oops, and it's oopsing the first
295 * time then let it proceed.
297 * This is all enabled by the pause_on_oops kernel boot option. We do all
298 * this to ensure that oopses don't scroll off the screen. It has the
299 * side-effect of preventing later-oopsing CPUs from mucking up the display,
302 * It turns out that the CPU which is allowed to print ends up pausing for
303 * the right duration, whereas all the other CPUs pause for twice as long:
304 * once in oops_enter(), once in oops_exit().
306 void oops_enter(void)
309 /* can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore: */
311 do_oops_enter_exit();
315 * 64-bit random ID for oopses:
319 static int init_oops_id(void)
322 get_random_bytes(&oops_id, sizeof(oops_id));
328 late_initcall(init_oops_id);
330 static void print_oops_end_marker(void)
333 printk(KERN_WARNING "---[ end trace %016llx ]---\n",
334 (unsigned long long)oops_id);
338 * Called when the architecture exits its oops handler, after printing
343 do_oops_enter_exit();
344 print_oops_end_marker();
345 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_OOPS);
348 #ifdef WANT_WARN_ON_SLOWPATH
349 struct slowpath_args {
354 static void warn_slowpath_common(const char *file, int line, void *caller, struct slowpath_args *args)
358 printk(KERN_WARNING "------------[ cut here ]------------\n");
359 printk(KERN_WARNING "WARNING: at %s:%d %pS()\n", file, line, caller);
360 board = dmi_get_system_info(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME);
362 printk(KERN_WARNING "Hardware name: %s\n", board);
365 vprintk(args->fmt, args->args);
369 print_oops_end_marker();
370 add_taint(TAINT_WARN);
373 void warn_slowpath_fmt(const char *file, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
375 struct slowpath_args args;
378 va_start(args.args, fmt);
379 warn_slowpath_common(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0), &args);
382 EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_fmt);
384 void warn_slowpath_null(const char *file, int line)
386 warn_slowpath_common(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0), NULL);
388 EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_null);
391 #ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
394 * Called when gcc's -fstack-protector feature is used, and
395 * gcc detects corruption of the on-stack canary value
397 void __stack_chk_fail(void)
399 panic("stack-protector: Kernel stack is corrupted in: %p\n",
400 __builtin_return_address(0));
402 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__stack_chk_fail);
406 core_param(panic, panic_timeout, int, 0644);
407 core_param(pause_on_oops, pause_on_oops, int, 0644);