2 * linux/arch/x86_64/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
6 * Copyright (C) 2002,2003 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
9 #include <linux/signal.h>
10 #include <linux/sched.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/errno.h>
13 #include <linux/string.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
16 #include <linux/mman.h>
18 #include <linux/swap.h>
19 #include <linux/smp.h>
20 #include <linux/init.h>
21 #include <linux/initrd.h>
22 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
23 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
24 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
25 #include <linux/pci.h>
26 #include <linux/pfn.h>
27 #include <linux/poison.h>
28 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
29 #include <linux/module.h>
30 #include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
31 #include <linux/nmi.h>
32 #include <linux/gfp.h>
34 #include <asm/processor.h>
35 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
36 #include <asm/system.h>
37 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
38 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
39 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
41 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
45 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
46 #include <asm/proto.h>
48 #include <asm/sections.h>
49 #include <asm/kdebug.h>
51 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
53 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
55 static unsigned long dma_reserve __initdata;
57 static int __init parse_direct_gbpages_off(char *arg)
62 early_param("nogbpages", parse_direct_gbpages_off);
64 static int __init parse_direct_gbpages_on(char *arg)
69 early_param("gbpages", parse_direct_gbpages_on);
72 * NOTE: pagetable_init alloc all the fixmap pagetables contiguous on the
73 * physical space so we can cache the place of the first one and move
74 * around without checking the pgd every time.
77 pteval_t __supported_pte_mask __read_mostly = ~_PAGE_IOMAP;
78 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__supported_pte_mask);
80 int force_personality32;
84 * Control non executable heap for 32bit processes.
85 * To control the stack too use noexec=off
87 * on PROT_READ does not imply PROT_EXEC for 32-bit processes (default)
88 * off PROT_READ implies PROT_EXEC
90 static int __init nonx32_setup(char *str)
92 if (!strcmp(str, "on"))
93 force_personality32 &= ~READ_IMPLIES_EXEC;
94 else if (!strcmp(str, "off"))
95 force_personality32 |= READ_IMPLIES_EXEC;
98 __setup("noexec32=", nonx32_setup);
101 * When memory was added/removed make sure all the processes MM have
102 * suitable PGD entries in the local PGD level page.
104 void sync_global_pgds(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
106 unsigned long address;
108 for (address = start; address <= end; address += PGDIR_SIZE) {
109 const pgd_t *pgd_ref = pgd_offset_k(address);
113 if (pgd_none(*pgd_ref))
116 spin_lock_irqsave(&pgd_lock, flags);
117 list_for_each_entry(page, &pgd_list, lru) {
119 spinlock_t *pgt_lock;
121 pgd = (pgd_t *)page_address(page) + pgd_index(address);
122 pgt_lock = &pgd_page_get_mm(page)->page_table_lock;
126 set_pgd(pgd, *pgd_ref);
128 BUG_ON(pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd)
129 != pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd_ref));
131 spin_unlock(pgt_lock);
133 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgd_lock, flags);
138 * NOTE: This function is marked __ref because it calls __init function
139 * (alloc_bootmem_pages). It's safe to do it ONLY when after_bootmem == 0.
141 static __ref void *spp_getpage(void)
146 ptr = (void *) get_zeroed_page(GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOTRACK);
148 ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages(PAGE_SIZE);
150 if (!ptr || ((unsigned long)ptr & ~PAGE_MASK)) {
151 panic("set_pte_phys: cannot allocate page data %s\n",
152 after_bootmem ? "after bootmem" : "");
155 pr_debug("spp_getpage %p\n", ptr);
160 static pud_t *fill_pud(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long vaddr)
162 if (pgd_none(*pgd)) {
163 pud_t *pud = (pud_t *)spp_getpage();
164 pgd_populate(&init_mm, pgd, pud);
165 if (pud != pud_offset(pgd, 0))
166 printk(KERN_ERR "PAGETABLE BUG #00! %p <-> %p\n",
167 pud, pud_offset(pgd, 0));
169 return pud_offset(pgd, vaddr);
172 static pmd_t *fill_pmd(pud_t *pud, unsigned long vaddr)
174 if (pud_none(*pud)) {
175 pmd_t *pmd = (pmd_t *) spp_getpage();
176 pud_populate(&init_mm, pud, pmd);
177 if (pmd != pmd_offset(pud, 0))
178 printk(KERN_ERR "PAGETABLE BUG #01! %p <-> %p\n",
179 pmd, pmd_offset(pud, 0));
181 return pmd_offset(pud, vaddr);
184 static pte_t *fill_pte(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long vaddr)
186 if (pmd_none(*pmd)) {
187 pte_t *pte = (pte_t *) spp_getpage();
188 pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm, pmd, pte);
189 if (pte != pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0))
190 printk(KERN_ERR "PAGETABLE BUG #02!\n");
192 return pte_offset_kernel(pmd, vaddr);
195 void set_pte_vaddr_pud(pud_t *pud_page, unsigned long vaddr, pte_t new_pte)
201 pud = pud_page + pud_index(vaddr);
202 pmd = fill_pmd(pud, vaddr);
203 pte = fill_pte(pmd, vaddr);
205 set_pte(pte, new_pte);
208 * It's enough to flush this one mapping.
209 * (PGE mappings get flushed as well)
211 __flush_tlb_one(vaddr);
214 void set_pte_vaddr(unsigned long vaddr, pte_t pteval)
219 pr_debug("set_pte_vaddr %lx to %lx\n", vaddr, native_pte_val(pteval));
221 pgd = pgd_offset_k(vaddr);
222 if (pgd_none(*pgd)) {
224 "PGD FIXMAP MISSING, it should be setup in head.S!\n");
227 pud_page = (pud_t*)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd);
228 set_pte_vaddr_pud(pud_page, vaddr, pteval);
231 pmd_t * __init populate_extra_pmd(unsigned long vaddr)
236 pgd = pgd_offset_k(vaddr);
237 pud = fill_pud(pgd, vaddr);
238 return fill_pmd(pud, vaddr);
241 pte_t * __init populate_extra_pte(unsigned long vaddr)
245 pmd = populate_extra_pmd(vaddr);
246 return fill_pte(pmd, vaddr);
250 * Create large page table mappings for a range of physical addresses.
252 static void __init __init_extra_mapping(unsigned long phys, unsigned long size,
259 BUG_ON((phys & ~PMD_MASK) || (size & ~PMD_MASK));
260 for (; size; phys += PMD_SIZE, size -= PMD_SIZE) {
261 pgd = pgd_offset_k((unsigned long)__va(phys));
262 if (pgd_none(*pgd)) {
263 pud = (pud_t *) spp_getpage();
264 set_pgd(pgd, __pgd(__pa(pud) | _KERNPG_TABLE |
267 pud = pud_offset(pgd, (unsigned long)__va(phys));
268 if (pud_none(*pud)) {
269 pmd = (pmd_t *) spp_getpage();
270 set_pud(pud, __pud(__pa(pmd) | _KERNPG_TABLE |
273 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, phys);
274 BUG_ON(!pmd_none(*pmd));
275 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(phys | pgprot_val(prot)));
279 void __init init_extra_mapping_wb(unsigned long phys, unsigned long size)
281 __init_extra_mapping(phys, size, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE);
284 void __init init_extra_mapping_uc(unsigned long phys, unsigned long size)
286 __init_extra_mapping(phys, size, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_NOCACHE);
290 * The head.S code sets up the kernel high mapping:
292 * from __START_KERNEL_map to __START_KERNEL_map + size (== _end-_text)
294 * phys_addr holds the negative offset to the kernel, which is added
295 * to the compile time generated pmds. This results in invalid pmds up
296 * to the point where we hit the physaddr 0 mapping.
298 * We limit the mappings to the region from _text to _end. _end is
299 * rounded up to the 2MB boundary. This catches the invalid pmds as
300 * well, as they are located before _text:
302 void __init cleanup_highmap(void)
304 unsigned long vaddr = __START_KERNEL_map;
305 unsigned long end = roundup((unsigned long)_end, PMD_SIZE) - 1;
306 pmd_t *pmd = level2_kernel_pgt;
307 pmd_t *last_pmd = pmd + PTRS_PER_PMD;
309 for (; pmd < last_pmd; pmd++, vaddr += PMD_SIZE) {
312 if (vaddr < (unsigned long) _text || vaddr > end)
313 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(0));
317 static __ref void *alloc_low_page(unsigned long *phys)
319 unsigned long pfn = e820_table_end++;
323 adr = (void *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOTRACK);
329 if (pfn >= e820_table_top)
330 panic("alloc_low_page: ran out of memory");
332 adr = early_memremap(pfn * PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
334 *phys = pfn * PAGE_SIZE;
338 static __ref void unmap_low_page(void *adr)
343 early_iounmap(adr, PAGE_SIZE);
346 static unsigned long __meminit
347 phys_pte_init(pte_t *pte_page, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
351 unsigned long last_map_addr = end;
354 pte_t *pte = pte_page + pte_index(addr);
356 for(i = pte_index(addr); i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, pte++) {
359 if (!after_bootmem) {
360 for(; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++, pte++)
361 set_pte(pte, __pte(0));
367 * We will re-use the existing mapping.
368 * Xen for example has some special requirements, like mapping
369 * pagetable pages as RO. So assume someone who pre-setup
370 * these mappings are more intelligent.
378 printk(" pte=%p addr=%lx pte=%016lx\n",
379 pte, addr, pfn_pte(addr >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL).pte);
381 set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(addr >> PAGE_SHIFT, prot));
382 last_map_addr = (addr & PAGE_MASK) + PAGE_SIZE;
385 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_4K, pages);
387 return last_map_addr;
390 static unsigned long __meminit
391 phys_pte_update(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address, unsigned long end,
394 pte_t *pte = (pte_t *)pmd_page_vaddr(*pmd);
396 return phys_pte_init(pte, address, end, prot);
399 static unsigned long __meminit
400 phys_pmd_init(pmd_t *pmd_page, unsigned long address, unsigned long end,
401 unsigned long page_size_mask, pgprot_t prot)
403 unsigned long pages = 0;
404 unsigned long last_map_addr = end;
406 int i = pmd_index(address);
408 for (; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++, address += PMD_SIZE) {
409 unsigned long pte_phys;
410 pmd_t *pmd = pmd_page + pmd_index(address);
412 pgprot_t new_prot = prot;
414 if (address >= end) {
415 if (!after_bootmem) {
416 for (; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++, pmd++)
417 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(0));
423 if (!pmd_large(*pmd)) {
424 spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
425 last_map_addr = phys_pte_update(pmd, address,
427 spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
431 * If we are ok with PG_LEVEL_2M mapping, then we will
432 * use the existing mapping,
434 * Otherwise, we will split the large page mapping but
435 * use the same existing protection bits except for
436 * large page, so that we don't violate Intel's TLB
437 * Application note (317080) which says, while changing
438 * the page sizes, new and old translations should
439 * not differ with respect to page frame and
442 if (page_size_mask & (1 << PG_LEVEL_2M)) {
446 new_prot = pte_pgprot(pte_clrhuge(*(pte_t *)pmd));
449 if (page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M)) {
451 spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
452 set_pte((pte_t *)pmd,
453 pfn_pte(address >> PAGE_SHIFT,
454 __pgprot(pgprot_val(prot) | _PAGE_PSE)));
455 spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
456 last_map_addr = (address & PMD_MASK) + PMD_SIZE;
460 pte = alloc_low_page(&pte_phys);
461 last_map_addr = phys_pte_init(pte, address, end, new_prot);
464 spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
465 pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm, pmd, __va(pte_phys));
466 spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
468 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_2M, pages);
469 return last_map_addr;
472 static unsigned long __meminit
473 phys_pmd_update(pud_t *pud, unsigned long address, unsigned long end,
474 unsigned long page_size_mask, pgprot_t prot)
476 pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud, 0);
477 unsigned long last_map_addr;
479 last_map_addr = phys_pmd_init(pmd, address, end, page_size_mask, prot);
481 return last_map_addr;
484 static unsigned long __meminit
485 phys_pud_init(pud_t *pud_page, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
486 unsigned long page_size_mask)
488 unsigned long pages = 0;
489 unsigned long last_map_addr = end;
490 int i = pud_index(addr);
492 for (; i < PTRS_PER_PUD; i++, addr = (addr & PUD_MASK) + PUD_SIZE) {
493 unsigned long pmd_phys;
494 pud_t *pud = pud_page + pud_index(addr);
496 pgprot_t prot = PAGE_KERNEL;
501 if (!after_bootmem &&
502 !e820_any_mapped(addr, addr+PUD_SIZE, 0)) {
503 set_pud(pud, __pud(0));
508 if (!pud_large(*pud)) {
509 last_map_addr = phys_pmd_update(pud, addr, end,
510 page_size_mask, prot);
514 * If we are ok with PG_LEVEL_1G mapping, then we will
515 * use the existing mapping.
517 * Otherwise, we will split the gbpage mapping but use
518 * the same existing protection bits except for large
519 * page, so that we don't violate Intel's TLB
520 * Application note (317080) which says, while changing
521 * the page sizes, new and old translations should
522 * not differ with respect to page frame and
525 if (page_size_mask & (1 << PG_LEVEL_1G)) {
529 prot = pte_pgprot(pte_clrhuge(*(pte_t *)pud));
532 if (page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_1G)) {
534 spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
535 set_pte((pte_t *)pud,
536 pfn_pte(addr >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE));
537 spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
538 last_map_addr = (addr & PUD_MASK) + PUD_SIZE;
542 pmd = alloc_low_page(&pmd_phys);
543 last_map_addr = phys_pmd_init(pmd, addr, end, page_size_mask,
547 spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
548 pud_populate(&init_mm, pud, __va(pmd_phys));
549 spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
553 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_1G, pages);
555 return last_map_addr;
558 static unsigned long __meminit
559 phys_pud_update(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
560 unsigned long page_size_mask)
564 pud = (pud_t *)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd);
566 return phys_pud_init(pud, addr, end, page_size_mask);
569 unsigned long __meminit
570 kernel_physical_mapping_init(unsigned long start,
572 unsigned long page_size_mask)
574 bool pgd_changed = false;
575 unsigned long next, last_map_addr = end;
578 start = (unsigned long)__va(start);
579 end = (unsigned long)__va(end);
582 for (; start < end; start = next) {
583 pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(start);
584 unsigned long pud_phys;
587 next = (start + PGDIR_SIZE) & PGDIR_MASK;
592 last_map_addr = phys_pud_update(pgd, __pa(start),
593 __pa(end), page_size_mask);
597 pud = alloc_low_page(&pud_phys);
598 last_map_addr = phys_pud_init(pud, __pa(start), __pa(next),
602 spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
603 pgd_populate(&init_mm, pgd, __va(pud_phys));
604 spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
609 sync_global_pgds(addr, end);
613 return last_map_addr;
617 void __init initmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn,
620 #ifndef CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM
621 unsigned long bootmap_size, bootmap;
623 bootmap_size = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn)<<PAGE_SHIFT;
624 bootmap = find_e820_area(0, end_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT, bootmap_size,
627 panic("Cannot find bootmem map of size %ld\n", bootmap_size);
628 reserve_early(bootmap, bootmap + bootmap_size, "BOOTMAP");
629 /* don't touch min_low_pfn */
630 bootmap_size = init_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(0), bootmap >> PAGE_SHIFT,
632 e820_register_active_regions(0, start_pfn, end_pfn);
633 free_bootmem_with_active_regions(0, end_pfn);
635 e820_register_active_regions(0, start_pfn, end_pfn);
640 void __init paging_init(void)
642 unsigned long max_zone_pfns[MAX_NR_ZONES];
644 memset(max_zone_pfns, 0, sizeof(max_zone_pfns));
645 max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA] = MAX_DMA_PFN;
646 max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA32] = MAX_DMA32_PFN;
647 max_zone_pfns[ZONE_NORMAL] = max_pfn;
649 sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions(MAX_NUMNODES);
653 * clear the default setting with node 0
654 * note: don't use nodes_clear here, that is really clearing when
655 * numa support is not compiled in, and later node_set_state
656 * will not set it back.
658 node_clear_state(0, N_NORMAL_MEMORY);
660 free_area_init_nodes(max_zone_pfns);
664 * Memory hotplug specific functions
666 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
668 * After memory hotplug the variables max_pfn, max_low_pfn and high_memory need
671 static void update_end_of_memory_vars(u64 start, u64 size)
673 unsigned long end_pfn = PFN_UP(start + size);
675 if (end_pfn > max_pfn) {
677 max_low_pfn = end_pfn;
678 high_memory = (void *)__va(max_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
683 * Memory is added always to NORMAL zone. This means you will never get
684 * additional DMA/DMA32 memory.
686 int arch_add_memory(int nid, u64 start, u64 size)
688 struct pglist_data *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
689 struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + ZONE_NORMAL;
690 unsigned long last_mapped_pfn, start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
691 unsigned long nr_pages = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
694 last_mapped_pfn = init_memory_mapping(start, start + size);
695 if (last_mapped_pfn > max_pfn_mapped)
696 max_pfn_mapped = last_mapped_pfn;
698 ret = __add_pages(nid, zone, start_pfn, nr_pages);
701 /* update max_pfn, max_low_pfn and high_memory */
702 update_end_of_memory_vars(start, size);
706 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(arch_add_memory);
708 #if !defined(CONFIG_ACPI_NUMA) && defined(CONFIG_NUMA)
709 int memory_add_physaddr_to_nid(u64 start)
713 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(memory_add_physaddr_to_nid);
716 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
718 static struct kcore_list kcore_vsyscall;
720 void __init mem_init(void)
722 long codesize, reservedpages, datasize, initsize;
723 unsigned long absent_pages;
727 /* clear_bss() already clear the empty_zero_page */
731 /* this will put all low memory onto the freelists */
733 totalram_pages = numa_free_all_bootmem();
735 totalram_pages = free_all_bootmem();
738 absent_pages = absent_pages_in_range(0, max_pfn);
739 reservedpages = max_pfn - totalram_pages - absent_pages;
742 codesize = (unsigned long) &_etext - (unsigned long) &_text;
743 datasize = (unsigned long) &_edata - (unsigned long) &_etext;
744 initsize = (unsigned long) &__init_end - (unsigned long) &__init_begin;
746 /* Register memory areas for /proc/kcore */
747 kclist_add(&kcore_vsyscall, (void *)VSYSCALL_START,
748 VSYSCALL_END - VSYSCALL_START, KCORE_OTHER);
750 printk(KERN_INFO "Memory: %luk/%luk available (%ldk kernel code, "
751 "%ldk absent, %ldk reserved, %ldk data, %ldk init)\n",
752 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
753 max_pfn << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
755 absent_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
756 reservedpages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
761 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
762 const int rodata_test_data = 0xC3;
763 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rodata_test_data);
765 int kernel_set_to_readonly;
767 void set_kernel_text_rw(void)
769 unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_text);
770 unsigned long end = PFN_ALIGN(__stop___ex_table);
772 if (!kernel_set_to_readonly)
775 pr_debug("Set kernel text: %lx - %lx for read write\n",
779 * Make the kernel identity mapping for text RW. Kernel text
780 * mapping will always be RO. Refer to the comment in
781 * static_protections() in pageattr.c
783 set_memory_rw(start, (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
786 void set_kernel_text_ro(void)
788 unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_text);
789 unsigned long end = PFN_ALIGN(__stop___ex_table);
791 if (!kernel_set_to_readonly)
794 pr_debug("Set kernel text: %lx - %lx for read only\n",
798 * Set the kernel identity mapping for text RO.
800 set_memory_ro(start, (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
803 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
805 unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_text);
806 unsigned long rodata_start =
807 ((unsigned long)__start_rodata + PAGE_SIZE - 1) & PAGE_MASK;
808 unsigned long end = (unsigned long) &__end_rodata_hpage_align;
809 unsigned long text_end = PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long) &__stop___ex_table);
810 unsigned long rodata_end = PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long) &__end_rodata);
811 unsigned long data_start = (unsigned long) &_sdata;
813 printk(KERN_INFO "Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
814 (end - start) >> 10);
815 set_memory_ro(start, (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
817 kernel_set_to_readonly = 1;
820 * The rodata section (but not the kernel text!) should also be
823 set_memory_nx(rodata_start, (end - rodata_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
827 #ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
828 printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: undo %lx-%lx\n", start, end);
829 set_memory_rw(start, (end-start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
831 printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: again\n");
832 set_memory_ro(start, (end-start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
835 free_init_pages("unused kernel memory",
836 (unsigned long) page_address(virt_to_page(text_end)),
838 page_address(virt_to_page(rodata_start)));
839 free_init_pages("unused kernel memory",
840 (unsigned long) page_address(virt_to_page(rodata_end)),
841 (unsigned long) page_address(virt_to_page(data_start)));
846 int __init reserve_bootmem_generic(unsigned long phys, unsigned long len,
853 unsigned long pfn = phys >> PAGE_SHIFT;
855 if (pfn >= max_pfn) {
857 * This can happen with kdump kernels when accessing
860 if (pfn < max_pfn_mapped)
863 printk(KERN_ERR "reserve_bootmem: illegal reserve %lx %lu\n",
868 /* Should check here against the e820 map to avoid double free */
870 nid = phys_to_nid(phys);
871 next_nid = phys_to_nid(phys + len - 1);
873 ret = reserve_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(nid), phys, len, flags);
875 ret = reserve_bootmem(phys, len, flags);
881 reserve_bootmem(phys, len, flags);
884 if (phys+len <= MAX_DMA_PFN*PAGE_SIZE) {
885 dma_reserve += len / PAGE_SIZE;
886 set_dma_reserve(dma_reserve);
892 int kern_addr_valid(unsigned long addr)
894 unsigned long above = ((long)addr) >> __VIRTUAL_MASK_SHIFT;
900 if (above != 0 && above != -1UL)
903 pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
907 pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
911 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
916 return pfn_valid(pmd_pfn(*pmd));
918 pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, addr);
922 return pfn_valid(pte_pfn(*pte));
926 * A pseudo VMA to allow ptrace access for the vsyscall page. This only
927 * covers the 64bit vsyscall page now. 32bit has a real VMA now and does
928 * not need special handling anymore:
930 static struct vm_area_struct gate_vma = {
931 .vm_start = VSYSCALL_START,
932 .vm_end = VSYSCALL_START + (VSYSCALL_MAPPED_PAGES * PAGE_SIZE),
933 .vm_page_prot = PAGE_READONLY_EXEC,
934 .vm_flags = VM_READ | VM_EXEC
937 struct vm_area_struct *get_gate_vma(struct task_struct *tsk)
939 #ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
940 if (test_tsk_thread_flag(tsk, TIF_IA32))
946 int in_gate_area(struct task_struct *task, unsigned long addr)
948 struct vm_area_struct *vma = get_gate_vma(task);
953 return (addr >= vma->vm_start) && (addr < vma->vm_end);
957 * Use this when you have no reliable task/vma, typically from interrupt
958 * context. It is less reliable than using the task's vma and may give
961 int in_gate_area_no_task(unsigned long addr)
963 return (addr >= VSYSCALL_START) && (addr < VSYSCALL_END);
966 const char *arch_vma_name(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
968 if (vma->vm_mm && vma->vm_start == (long)vma->vm_mm->context.vdso)
970 if (vma == &gate_vma)
975 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
977 * Initialise the sparsemem vmemmap using huge-pages at the PMD level.
979 static long __meminitdata addr_start, addr_end;
980 static void __meminitdata *p_start, *p_end;
981 static int __meminitdata node_start;
984 vmemmap_populate(struct page *start_page, unsigned long size, int node)
986 unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)start_page;
987 unsigned long end = (unsigned long)(start_page + size);
993 for (; addr < end; addr = next) {
996 pgd = vmemmap_pgd_populate(addr, node);
1000 pud = vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd, addr, node);
1005 next = (addr + PAGE_SIZE) & PAGE_MASK;
1006 pmd = vmemmap_pmd_populate(pud, addr, node);
1011 p = vmemmap_pte_populate(pmd, addr, node);
1016 addr_end = addr + PAGE_SIZE;
1017 p_end = p + PAGE_SIZE;
1019 next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
1021 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
1022 if (pmd_none(*pmd)) {
1025 p = vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(PMD_SIZE, node);
1029 entry = pfn_pte(__pa(p) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
1031 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(pte_val(entry)));
1033 /* check to see if we have contiguous blocks */
1034 if (p_end != p || node_start != node) {
1036 printk(KERN_DEBUG " [%lx-%lx] PMD -> [%p-%p] on node %d\n",
1037 addr_start, addr_end-1, p_start, p_end-1, node_start);
1043 addr_end = addr + PMD_SIZE;
1044 p_end = p + PMD_SIZE;
1046 vmemmap_verify((pte_t *)pmd, node, addr, next);
1050 sync_global_pgds((unsigned long)start_page, end);
1054 void __meminit vmemmap_populate_print_last(void)
1057 printk(KERN_DEBUG " [%lx-%lx] PMD -> [%p-%p] on node %d\n",
1058 addr_start, addr_end-1, p_start, p_end-1, node_start);