2 * Intel CPU Microcode Update Driver for Linux
4 * Copyright (C) 2000-2006 Tigran Aivazian <tigran@aivazian.fsnet.co.uk>
5 * 2006 Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
7 * This driver allows to upgrade microcode on Intel processors
8 * belonging to IA-32 family - PentiumPro, Pentium II,
9 * Pentium III, Xeon, Pentium 4, etc.
11 * Reference: Section 8.11 of Volume 3a, IA-32 Intel? Architecture
12 * Software Developer's Manual
13 * Order Number 253668 or free download from:
15 * http://developer.intel.com/design/pentium4/manuals/253668.htm
17 * For more information, go to http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode
19 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
20 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
21 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
22 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
24 * 1.0 16 Feb 2000, Tigran Aivazian <tigran@sco.com>
26 * 1.01 18 Feb 2000, Tigran Aivazian <tigran@sco.com>
27 * Added read() support + cleanups.
28 * 1.02 21 Feb 2000, Tigran Aivazian <tigran@sco.com>
29 * Added 'device trimming' support. open(O_WRONLY) zeroes
30 * and frees the saved copy of applied microcode.
31 * 1.03 29 Feb 2000, Tigran Aivazian <tigran@sco.com>
32 * Made to use devfs (/dev/cpu/microcode) + cleanups.
33 * 1.04 06 Jun 2000, Simon Trimmer <simon@veritas.com>
34 * Added misc device support (now uses both devfs and misc).
35 * Added MICROCODE_IOCFREE ioctl to clear memory.
36 * 1.05 09 Jun 2000, Simon Trimmer <simon@veritas.com>
37 * Messages for error cases (non Intel & no suitable microcode).
38 * 1.06 03 Aug 2000, Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
39 * Removed ->release(). Removed exclusive open and status bitmap.
40 * Added microcode_rwsem to serialize read()/write()/ioctl().
41 * Removed global kernel lock usage.
42 * 1.07 07 Sep 2000, Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
43 * Write 0 to 0x8B msr and then cpuid before reading revision,
44 * so that it works even if there were no update done by the
45 * BIOS. Otherwise, reading from 0x8B gives junk (which happened
46 * to be 0 on my machine which is why it worked even when I
47 * disabled update by the BIOS)
48 * Thanks to Eric W. Biederman <ebiederman@lnxi.com> for the fix.
49 * 1.08 11 Dec 2000, Richard Schaal <richard.schaal@intel.com> and
50 * Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
51 * Intel Pentium 4 processor support and bugfixes.
52 * 1.09 30 Oct 2001, Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
53 * Bugfix for HT (Hyper-Threading) enabled processors
54 * whereby processor resources are shared by all logical processors
55 * in a single CPU package.
56 * 1.10 28 Feb 2002 Asit K Mallick <asit.k.mallick@intel.com> and
57 * Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>,
58 * Serialize updates as required on HT processors due to speculative
59 * nature of implementation.
60 * 1.11 22 Mar 2002 Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
61 * Fix the panic when writing zero-length microcode chunk.
62 * 1.12 29 Sep 2003 Nitin Kamble <nitin.a.kamble@intel.com>,
63 * Jun Nakajima <jun.nakajima@intel.com>
64 * Support for the microcode updates in the new format.
65 * 1.13 10 Oct 2003 Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
66 * Removed ->read() method and obsoleted MICROCODE_IOCFREE ioctl
67 * because we no longer hold a copy of applied microcode
69 * 1.14 25 Jun 2004 Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
70 * Fix sigmatch() macro to handle old CPUs with pf == 0.
71 * Thanks to Stuart Swales for pointing out this bug.
74 //#define DEBUG /* pr_debug */
75 #include <linux/capability.h>
76 #include <linux/kernel.h>
77 #include <linux/init.h>
78 #include <linux/sched.h>
79 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
80 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
81 #include <linux/module.h>
82 #include <linux/slab.h>
83 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
84 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
85 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
88 #include <linux/mutex.h>
89 #include <linux/cpu.h>
90 #include <linux/firmware.h>
91 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
94 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
95 #include <asm/processor.h>
96 #include <asm/microcode.h>
98 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Microcode Update Driver");
99 MODULE_AUTHOR("Tigran Aivazian <tigran@aivazian.fsnet.co.uk>");
100 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
102 #define DEFAULT_UCODE_DATASIZE (2000) /* 2000 bytes */
103 #define MC_HEADER_SIZE (sizeof(struct microcode_header)) /* 48 bytes */
104 #define DEFAULT_UCODE_TOTALSIZE (DEFAULT_UCODE_DATASIZE + MC_HEADER_SIZE) /* 2048 bytes */
105 #define EXT_HEADER_SIZE (sizeof(struct extended_sigtable)) /* 20 bytes */
106 #define EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE (sizeof(struct extended_signature)) /* 12 bytes */
107 #define DWSIZE (sizeof(u32))
108 #define get_totalsize(mc) \
109 (((struct microcode *)mc)->hdr.totalsize ? \
110 ((struct microcode *)mc)->hdr.totalsize : DEFAULT_UCODE_TOTALSIZE)
111 #define get_datasize(mc) \
112 (((struct microcode *)mc)->hdr.datasize ? \
113 ((struct microcode *)mc)->hdr.datasize : DEFAULT_UCODE_DATASIZE)
115 #define sigmatch(s1, s2, p1, p2) \
116 (((s1) == (s2)) && (((p1) & (p2)) || (((p1) == 0) && ((p2) == 0))))
118 #define exttable_size(et) ((et)->count * EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE + EXT_HEADER_SIZE)
120 /* serialize access to the physical write to MSR 0x79 */
121 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(microcode_update_lock);
123 /* no concurrent ->write()s are allowed on /dev/cpu/microcode */
124 extern struct mutex microcode_mutex;
126 extern struct ucode_cpu_info ucode_cpu_info[NR_CPUS];
128 void collect_cpu_info(int cpu_num)
130 struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(cpu_num);
131 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu_num;
134 /* We should bind the task to the CPU */
135 BUG_ON(raw_smp_processor_id() != cpu_num);
136 uci->pf = uci->rev = 0;
140 if (c->x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL || c->x86 < 6 ||
141 cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_IA64)) {
142 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: CPU%d not a capable Intel "
143 "processor\n", cpu_num);
148 uci->sig = cpuid_eax(0x00000001);
150 if ((c->x86_model >= 5) || (c->x86 > 6)) {
151 /* get processor flags from MSR 0x17 */
152 rdmsr(MSR_IA32_PLATFORM_ID, val[0], val[1]);
153 uci->pf = 1 << ((val[1] >> 18) & 7);
156 wrmsr(MSR_IA32_UCODE_REV, 0, 0);
157 /* see notes above for revision 1.07. Apparent chip bug */
159 /* get the current revision from MSR 0x8B */
160 rdmsr(MSR_IA32_UCODE_REV, val[0], uci->rev);
161 pr_debug("microcode: collect_cpu_info : sig=0x%x, pf=0x%x, rev=0x%x\n",
162 uci->sig, uci->pf, uci->rev);
165 static inline int microcode_update_match(int cpu_num,
166 struct microcode_header *mc_header, int sig, int pf)
168 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu_num;
170 if (!sigmatch(sig, uci->sig, pf, uci->pf)
171 || mc_header->rev <= uci->rev)
176 int microcode_sanity_check(void *mc)
178 struct microcode_header *mc_header = mc;
179 struct extended_sigtable *ext_header = NULL;
180 struct extended_signature *ext_sig;
181 unsigned long total_size, data_size, ext_table_size;
182 int sum, orig_sum, ext_sigcount = 0, i;
184 total_size = get_totalsize(mc_header);
185 data_size = get_datasize(mc_header);
186 if (data_size + MC_HEADER_SIZE > total_size) {
187 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! "
188 "Bad data size in microcode data file\n");
192 if (mc_header->ldrver != 1 || mc_header->hdrver != 1) {
193 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! "
194 "Unknown microcode update format\n");
197 ext_table_size = total_size - (MC_HEADER_SIZE + data_size);
198 if (ext_table_size) {
199 if ((ext_table_size < EXT_HEADER_SIZE)
200 || ((ext_table_size - EXT_HEADER_SIZE) % EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE)) {
201 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! "
202 "Small exttable size in microcode data file\n");
205 ext_header = mc + MC_HEADER_SIZE + data_size;
206 if (ext_table_size != exttable_size(ext_header)) {
207 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! "
208 "Bad exttable size in microcode data file\n");
211 ext_sigcount = ext_header->count;
214 /* check extended table checksum */
215 if (ext_table_size) {
216 int ext_table_sum = 0;
217 int *ext_tablep = (int *)ext_header;
219 i = ext_table_size / DWSIZE;
221 ext_table_sum += ext_tablep[i];
223 printk(KERN_WARNING "microcode: aborting, "
224 "bad extended signature table checksum\n");
229 /* calculate the checksum */
231 i = (MC_HEADER_SIZE + data_size) / DWSIZE;
233 orig_sum += ((int *)mc)[i];
235 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: aborting, bad checksum\n");
240 /* check extended signature checksum */
241 for (i = 0; i < ext_sigcount; i++) {
242 ext_sig = (void *)ext_header + EXT_HEADER_SIZE +
243 EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE * i;
245 - (mc_header->sig + mc_header->pf + mc_header->cksum)
246 + (ext_sig->sig + ext_sig->pf + ext_sig->cksum);
248 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: aborting, bad checksum\n");
256 * return 0 - no update found
257 * return 1 - found update
260 int get_matching_microcode(void *mc, int cpu)
262 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
263 struct microcode_header *mc_header = mc;
264 struct extended_sigtable *ext_header;
265 unsigned long total_size = get_totalsize(mc_header);
267 struct extended_signature *ext_sig;
270 if (microcode_update_match(cpu, mc_header,
271 mc_header->sig, mc_header->pf))
274 if (total_size <= get_datasize(mc_header) + MC_HEADER_SIZE)
277 ext_header = mc + get_datasize(mc_header) + MC_HEADER_SIZE;
278 ext_sigcount = ext_header->count;
279 ext_sig = (void *)ext_header + EXT_HEADER_SIZE;
280 for (i = 0; i < ext_sigcount; i++) {
281 if (microcode_update_match(cpu, mc_header,
282 ext_sig->sig, ext_sig->pf))
288 pr_debug("microcode: CPU%d found a matching microcode update with"
289 " version 0x%x (current=0x%x)\n", cpu, mc_header->rev, uci->rev);
290 new_mc = vmalloc(total_size);
292 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Can not allocate memory\n");
296 /* free previous update file */
299 memcpy(new_mc, mc, total_size);
304 void apply_microcode(int cpu)
308 int cpu_num = raw_smp_processor_id();
309 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu_num;
311 /* We should bind the task to the CPU */
312 BUG_ON(cpu_num != cpu);
317 /* serialize access to the physical write to MSR 0x79 */
318 spin_lock_irqsave(µcode_update_lock, flags);
320 /* write microcode via MSR 0x79 */
321 wrmsr(MSR_IA32_UCODE_WRITE,
322 (unsigned long) uci->mc->bits,
323 (unsigned long) uci->mc->bits >> 16 >> 16);
324 wrmsr(MSR_IA32_UCODE_REV, 0, 0);
326 /* see notes above for revision 1.07. Apparent chip bug */
329 /* get the current revision from MSR 0x8B */
330 rdmsr(MSR_IA32_UCODE_REV, val[0], val[1]);
332 spin_unlock_irqrestore(µcode_update_lock, flags);
333 if (val[1] != uci->mc->hdr.rev) {
334 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: CPU%d update from revision "
335 "0x%x to 0x%x failed\n", cpu_num, uci->rev, val[1]);
338 printk(KERN_INFO "microcode: CPU%d updated from revision "
339 "0x%x to 0x%x, date = %08x \n",
340 cpu_num, uci->rev, val[1], uci->mc->hdr.date);
344 #ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE_OLD_INTERFACE
345 extern void __user *user_buffer; /* user area microcode data buffer */
346 extern unsigned int user_buffer_size; /* it's size */
348 long get_next_ucode(void **mc, long offset)
350 struct microcode_header mc_header;
351 unsigned long total_size;
354 if (offset >= user_buffer_size)
356 if (copy_from_user(&mc_header, user_buffer + offset, MC_HEADER_SIZE)) {
357 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Can not read user data\n");
360 total_size = get_totalsize(&mc_header);
361 if (offset + total_size > user_buffer_size) {
362 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Bad total size in microcode "
366 *mc = vmalloc(total_size);
369 if (copy_from_user(*mc, user_buffer + offset, total_size)) {
370 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Can not read user data\n");
374 return offset + total_size;
378 static long get_next_ucode_from_buffer(void **mc, const u8 *buf,
379 unsigned long size, long offset)
381 struct microcode_header *mc_header;
382 unsigned long total_size;
387 mc_header = (struct microcode_header *)(buf + offset);
388 total_size = get_totalsize(mc_header);
390 if (offset + total_size > size) {
391 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Bad data in microcode data file\n");
395 *mc = vmalloc(total_size);
397 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: error! Can not allocate memory\n");
400 memcpy(*mc, buf + offset, total_size);
401 return offset + total_size;
404 /* fake device for request_firmware */
405 extern struct platform_device *microcode_pdev;
407 int cpu_request_microcode(int cpu)
410 struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(cpu);
411 const struct firmware *firmware;
418 /* We should bind the task to the CPU */
419 BUG_ON(cpu != raw_smp_processor_id());
420 sprintf(name, "intel-ucode/%02x-%02x-%02x",
421 c->x86, c->x86_model, c->x86_mask);
422 error = request_firmware(&firmware, name, µcode_pdev->dev);
424 pr_debug("microcode: data file %s load failed\n", name);
427 buf = firmware->data;
428 size = firmware->size;
429 while ((offset = get_next_ucode_from_buffer(&mc, buf, size, offset))
431 error = microcode_sanity_check(mc);
434 error = get_matching_microcode(mc, cpu);
438 * It's possible the data file has multiple matching ucode,
439 * lets keep searching till the latest version
442 apply_microcode(cpu);
451 release_firmware(firmware);
456 int apply_microcode_check_cpu(int cpu)
458 struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(cpu);
459 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
461 cpumask_of_cpu_ptr(newmask, cpu);
465 /* Check if the microcode is available */
469 old = current->cpus_allowed;
470 set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, newmask);
472 /* Check if the microcode we have in memory matches the CPU */
473 if (c->x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL || c->x86 < 6 ||
474 cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_IA64) || uci->sig != cpuid_eax(0x00000001))
477 if (!err && ((c->x86_model >= 5) || (c->x86 > 6))) {
478 /* get processor flags from MSR 0x17 */
479 rdmsr(MSR_IA32_PLATFORM_ID, val[0], val[1]);
480 if (uci->pf != (1 << ((val[1] >> 18) & 7)))
485 wrmsr(MSR_IA32_UCODE_REV, 0, 0);
486 /* see notes above for revision 1.07. Apparent chip bug */
488 /* get the current revision from MSR 0x8B */
489 rdmsr(MSR_IA32_UCODE_REV, val[0], val[1]);
490 if (uci->rev != val[1])
495 apply_microcode(cpu);
497 printk(KERN_ERR "microcode: Could not apply microcode to CPU%d:"
498 " sig=0x%x, pf=0x%x, rev=0x%x\n",
499 cpu, uci->sig, uci->pf, uci->rev);
501 set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, &old);
505 void microcode_fini_cpu(int cpu)
507 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
509 mutex_lock(µcode_mutex);
513 mutex_unlock(µcode_mutex);