Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
   3         "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
   4
   5 <book id="LinuxKernelAPI">
   6  <bookinfo>
   7   <title>The Linux Kernel API</title>
   8
   9   <legalnotice>
  10    <para>
  11      This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
  12      it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
  13      License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  14      version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
  15      version.
  16    </para>
  17
  18    <para>
  19      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
  20      useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
  21      warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  22      See the GNU General Public License for more details.
  23    </para>
  24
  25    <para>
  26      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
  27      License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
  28      Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
  29      MA 02111-1307 USA
  30    </para>
  31
  32    <para>
  33      For more details see the file COPYING in the source
  34      distribution of Linux.
  35    </para>
  36   </legalnotice>
  37  </bookinfo>
  38
  39 <toc></toc>
  40
  41   <chapter id="Basics">
  42      <title>Driver Basics</title>
  43      <sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title>
  44 !Iinclude/linux/init.h
  45      </sect1>
  46
  47      <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title>
  48 !Iinclude/asm-i386/atomic.h
  49 !Iinclude/asm-i386/unaligned.h
  50      </sect1>
  51
  52      <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title>
  53 !Iinclude/linux/sched.h
  54 !Ekernel/sched.c
  55 !Ekernel/timer.c
  56      </sect1>
  57      <sect1><title>High-resolution timers</title>
  58 !Iinclude/linux/ktime.h
  59 !Iinclude/linux/hrtimer.h
  60 !Ekernel/hrtimer.c
  61      </sect1>
  62      <sect1><title>Workqueues and Kevents</title>
  63 !Ekernel/workqueue.c
  64      </sect1>
  65      <sect1><title>Internal Functions</title>
  66 !Ikernel/exit.c
  67 !Ikernel/signal.c
  68 !Iinclude/linux/kthread.h
  69 !Ekernel/kthread.c
  70      </sect1>
  71
  72      <sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title>
  73 <!--
  74 X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h
  75 -->
  76 !Elib/kobject.c
  77      </sect1>
  78
  79      <sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title>
  80 !Iinclude/linux/kernel.h
  81 !Ekernel/printk.c
  82 !Ekernel/panic.c
  83 !Ekernel/sys.c
  84 !Ekernel/rcupdate.c
  85      </sect1>
  86
  87   </chapter>
  88
  89   <chapter id="adt">
  90      <title>Data Types</title>
  91      <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title>
  92 !Iinclude/linux/list.h
  93      </sect1>
  94   </chapter>
  95
  96   <chapter id="libc">
  97      <title>Basic C Library Functions</title>
  98
  99      <para>
 100        When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are
 101        from the C Library.  Some of the functions have been found generally
 102        useful and they are listed below.  The behaviour of these functions
 103        may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations
 104        are noted in the text.
 105      </para>
 106
 107      <sect1><title>String Conversions</title>
 108 !Ilib/vsprintf.c
 109 !Elib/vsprintf.c
 110      </sect1>
 111      <sect1><title>String Manipulation</title>
 112 <!-- All functions are exported at now
 113 X!Ilib/string.c
 114  -->
 115 !Elib/string.c
 116      </sect1>
 117      <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title>
 118 !Iinclude/asm-i386/bitops.h
 119      </sect1>
 120   </chapter>
 121
 122   <chapter id="kernel-lib">
 123      <title>Basic Kernel Library Functions</title>
 124
 125      <para>
 126        The Linux kernel provides more basic utility functions.
 127      </para>
 128
 129      <sect1><title>Bitmap Operations</title>
 130 !Elib/bitmap.c
 131 !Ilib/bitmap.c
 132      </sect1>
 133
 134      <sect1><title>Command-line Parsing</title>
 135 !Elib/cmdline.c
 136      </sect1>
 137
 138      <sect1><title>CRC Functions</title>
 139 !Elib/crc16.c
 140 !Elib/crc32.c
 141 !Elib/crc-ccitt.c
 142      </sect1>
 143   </chapter>
 144
 145   <chapter id="mm">
 146      <title>Memory Management in Linux</title>
 147      <sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title>
 148 !Iinclude/linux/slab.h
 149 !Emm/slab.c
 150      </sect1>
 151      <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title>
 152 !Iinclude/asm-i386/uaccess.h
 153 !Earch/i386/lib/usercopy.c
 154      </sect1>
 155      <sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title>
 156 !Iinclude/linux/rmap.h
 157 !Emm/readahead.c
 158 !Emm/filemap.c
 159 !Emm/memory.c
 160 !Emm/vmalloc.c
 161 !Emm/mempool.c
 162 !Emm/page-writeback.c
 163 !Emm/truncate.c
 164      </sect1>
 165   </chapter>
 166
 167
 168   <chapter id="ipc">
 169      <title>Kernel IPC facilities</title>
 170
 171      <sect1><title>IPC utilities</title>
 172 !Iipc/util.c
 173      </sect1>
 174   </chapter>
 175
 176   <chapter id="kfifo">
 177      <title>FIFO Buffer</title>
 178      <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title>
 179 !Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h
 180 !Ekernel/kfifo.c
 181      </sect1>
 182   </chapter>
 183
 184   <chapter id="proc">
 185      <title>The proc filesystem</title>
 186
 187      <sect1><title>sysctl interface</title>
 188 !Ekernel/sysctl.c
 189      </sect1>
 190
 191      <sect1><title>proc filesystem interface</title>
 192 !Ifs/proc/base.c
 193      </sect1>
 194   </chapter>
 195
 196   <chapter id="debugfs">
 197      <title>The debugfs filesystem</title>
 198
 199      <sect1><title>debugfs interface</title>
 200 !Efs/debugfs/inode.c
 201 !Efs/debugfs/file.c
 202      </sect1>
 203   </chapter>
 204
 205   <chapter id="vfs">
 206      <title>The Linux VFS</title>
 207      <sect1><title>The Filesystem types</title>
 208 !Iinclude/linux/fs.h
 209      </sect1>
 210      <sect1><title>The Directory Cache</title>
 211 !Efs/dcache.c
 212 !Iinclude/linux/dcache.h
 213      </sect1>
 214      <sect1><title>Inode Handling</title>
 215 !Efs/inode.c
 216 !Efs/bad_inode.c
 217      </sect1>
 218      <sect1><title>Registration and Superblocks</title>
 219 !Efs/super.c
 220      </sect1>
 221      <sect1><title>File Locks</title>
 222 !Efs/locks.c
 223 !Ifs/locks.c
 224      </sect1>
 225      <sect1><title>Other Functions</title>
 226 !Efs/mpage.c
 227 !Efs/namei.c
 228 !Efs/buffer.c
 229 !Efs/bio.c
 230 !Efs/seq_file.c
 231 !Efs/filesystems.c
 232 !Efs/fs-writeback.c
 233 !Efs/block_dev.c
 234      </sect1>
 235   </chapter>
 236
 237   <chapter id="netcore">
 238      <title>Linux Networking</title>
 239      <sect1><title>Networking Base Types</title>
 240 !Iinclude/linux/net.h
 241      </sect1>
 242      <sect1><title>Socket Buffer Functions</title>
 243 !Iinclude/linux/skbuff.h
 244 !Iinclude/net/sock.h
 245 !Enet/socket.c
 246 !Enet/core/skbuff.c
 247 !Enet/core/sock.c
 248 !Enet/core/datagram.c
 249 !Enet/core/stream.c
 250      </sect1>
 251      <sect1><title>Socket Filter</title>
 252 !Enet/core/filter.c
 253      </sect1>
 254      <sect1><title>Generic Network Statistics</title>
 255 !Iinclude/linux/gen_stats.h
 256 !Enet/core/gen_stats.c
 257 !Enet/core/gen_estimator.c
 258      </sect1>
 259      <sect1><title>SUN RPC subsystem</title>
 260 <!-- The !D functionality is not perfect, garbage has to be protected by comments
 261 !Dnet/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c
 262 -->
 263 !Enet/sunrpc/xdr.c
 264 !Enet/sunrpc/svcsock.c
 265 !Enet/sunrpc/sched.c
 266      </sect1>
 267   </chapter>
 268
 269   <chapter id="netdev">
 270      <title>Network device support</title>
 271      <sect1><title>Driver Support</title>
 272 !Enet/core/dev.c
 273 !Enet/ethernet/eth.c
 274 !Iinclude/linux/etherdevice.h
 275 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 276 X!Enet/core/wireless.c
 277 -->
 278      </sect1>
 279      <sect1><title>Synchronous PPP</title>
 280 !Edrivers/net/wan/syncppp.c
 281      </sect1>
 282   </chapter>
 283
 284   <chapter id="modload">
 285      <title>Module Support</title>
 286      <sect1><title>Module Loading</title>
 287 !Ekernel/kmod.c
 288      </sect1>
 289      <sect1><title>Inter Module support</title>
 290         <para>
 291            Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
 292         </para>
 293 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 294 X!Ekernel/module.c
 295 -->
 296      </sect1>
 297   </chapter>
 298
 299   <chapter id="hardware">
 300      <title>Hardware Interfaces</title>
 301      <sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title>
 302 !Ekernel/irq/manage.c
 303      </sect1>
 304
 305      <sect1><title>Resources Management</title>
 306 !Ikernel/resource.c
 307      </sect1>
 308
 309      <sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title>
 310 !Earch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
 311      </sect1>
 312
 313      <sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title>
 314 !Edrivers/pci/pci.c
 315 !Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c
 316 !Edrivers/pci/remove.c
 317 !Edrivers/pci/pci-acpi.c
 318 !Edrivers/pci/search.c
 319 !Edrivers/pci/msi.c
 320 !Edrivers/pci/bus.c
 321 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 322 X!Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c
 323 -->
 324 !Edrivers/pci/probe.c
 325 !Edrivers/pci/rom.c
 326      </sect1>
 327      <sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title>
 328 !Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
 329      </sect1>
 330      <sect1><title>MCA Architecture</title>
 331         <sect2><title>MCA Device Functions</title>
 332            <para>
 333               Refer to the file arch/i386/kernel/mca.c for more information.
 334            </para>
 335 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 336 X!Earch/i386/kernel/mca.c
 337 -->
 338         </sect2>
 339         <sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title>
 340 !Iinclude/asm-i386/mca_dma.h
 341         </sect2>
 342      </sect1>
 343   </chapter>
 344
 345   <chapter id="firmware">
 346      <title>Firmware Interfaces</title>
 347      <sect1><title>DMI Interfaces</title>
 348 !Edrivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
 349      </sect1>
 350   </chapter>
 351
 352   <chapter id="sysfs">
 353      <title>The Filesystem for Exporting Kernel Objects</title>
 354 !Efs/sysfs/file.c
 355 !Efs/sysfs/symlink.c
 356 !Efs/sysfs/bin.c
 357   </chapter>
 358
 359   <chapter id="security">
 360      <title>Security Framework</title>
 361 !Esecurity/security.c
 362   </chapter>
 363
 364   <chapter id="audit">
 365      <title>Audit Interfaces</title>
 366 !Ekernel/audit.c
 367 !Ikernel/auditsc.c
 368 !Ikernel/auditfilter.c
 369   </chapter>
 370
 371   <chapter id="accounting">
 372      <title>Accounting Framework</title>
 373 !Ikernel/acct.c
 374   </chapter>
 375
 376   <chapter id="pmfuncs">
 377      <title>Power Management</title>
 378 !Ekernel/power/pm.c
 379   </chapter>
 380
 381   <chapter id="devdrivers">
 382      <title>Device drivers infrastructure</title>
 383      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title>
 384 <!--
 385 X!Iinclude/linux/device.h
 386 -->
 387 !Edrivers/base/driver.c
 388 !Edrivers/base/core.c
 389 !Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c
 390 !Edrivers/base/transport_class.c
 391 !Edrivers/base/dmapool.c
 392 <!-- Cannot be included, because
 393      attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter
 394  and attribute_container_classdev_to_container
 395      exceed allowed 44 characters maximum
 396 X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c
 397 -->
 398 !Edrivers/base/sys.c
 399 <!--
 400 X!Edrivers/base/interface.c
 401 -->
 402 !Edrivers/base/platform.c
 403 !Edrivers/base/bus.c
 404      </sect1>
 405      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title>
 406 !Edrivers/base/power/main.c
 407 !Edrivers/base/power/resume.c
 408 !Edrivers/base/power/suspend.c
 409      </sect1>
 410      <sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title>
 411 <!-- Internal functions only
 412 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c
 413 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c
 414 X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c
 415 X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c
 416 -->
 417 !Edrivers/acpi/scan.c
 418 !Idrivers/acpi/scan.c
 419 <!-- No correct structured comments
 420 X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c
 421 -->
 422      </sect1>
 423      <sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title>
 424 !Edrivers/pnp/core.c
 425 <!-- No correct structured comments
 426 X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c
 427  -->
 428 !Edrivers/pnp/card.c
 429 !Edrivers/pnp/driver.c
 430 !Edrivers/pnp/manager.c
 431 !Edrivers/pnp/support.c
 432      </sect1>
 433   </chapter>
 434
 435   <chapter id="blkdev">
 436      <title>Block Devices</title>
 437 !Eblock/ll_rw_blk.c
 438   </chapter>
 439
 440   <chapter id="miscdev">
 441      <title>Miscellaneous Devices</title>
 442 !Edrivers/char/misc.c
 443   </chapter>
 444
 445   <chapter id="parportdev">
 446      <title>Parallel Port Devices</title>
 447 !Iinclude/linux/parport.h
 448 !Edrivers/parport/ieee1284.c
 449 !Edrivers/parport/share.c
 450 !Idrivers/parport/daisy.c
 451   </chapter>
 452
 453   <chapter id="viddev">
 454      <title>Video4Linux</title>
 455 !Edrivers/media/video/videodev.c
 456   </chapter>
 457
 458   <chapter id="snddev">
 459      <title>Sound Devices</title>
 460 !Iinclude/sound/core.h
 461 !Esound/sound_core.c
 462 !Iinclude/sound/pcm.h
 463 !Esound/core/pcm.c
 464 !Esound/core/device.c
 465 !Esound/core/info.c
 466 !Esound/core/rawmidi.c
 467 !Esound/core/sound.c
 468 !Esound/core/memory.c
 469 !Esound/core/pcm_memory.c
 470 !Esound/core/init.c
 471 !Esound/core/isadma.c
 472 !Esound/core/control.c
 473 !Esound/core/pcm_lib.c
 474 !Esound/core/hwdep.c
 475 !Esound/core/pcm_native.c
 476 !Esound/core/memalloc.c
 477 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 478 X!Isound/sound_firmware.c
 479 -->
 480   </chapter>
 481
 482   <chapter id="uart16x50">
 483      <title>16x50 UART Driver</title>
 484 !Iinclude/linux/serial_core.h
 485 !Edrivers/serial/serial_core.c
 486 !Edrivers/serial/8250.c
 487   </chapter>
 488
 489   <chapter id="z85230">
 490      <title>Z85230 Support Library</title>
 491 !Edrivers/net/wan/z85230.c
 492   </chapter>
 493
 494   <chapter id="fbdev">
 495      <title>Frame Buffer Library</title>
 496
 497      <para>
 498        The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures.
 499        These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h.  They are
 500        fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs.
 501        The last three can be made available to and from userland.
 502      </para>
 503
 504      <para>
 505        fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card.
 506        Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a
 507        collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work.
 508        fb_info is only visible to the kernel.
 509      </para>
 510
 511      <para>
 512        fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card
 513        that are user defined.  With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as
 514        depth and the resolution may be defined.
 515      </para>
 516
 517      <para>
 518        The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the
 519        properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't
 520        be changed otherwise.  A good example of this is the start of the
 521        frame buffer memory.  This "locks" the address of the frame buffer
 522        memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved.
 523      </para>
 524
 525      <para>
 526        The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was
 527        little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things
 528        such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With
 529        the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used
 530        correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked.  fb_monospecs
 531        will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x.
 532      </para>
 533
 534      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title>
 535 !Edrivers/video/fbmem.c
 536      </sect1>
 537 <!--
 538      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title>
 539 X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c
 540      </sect1>
 541 -->
 542      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title>
 543 !Edrivers/video/fbcmap.c
 544      </sect1>
 545 <!-- FIXME:
 546   drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml.  Comment
 547   out until somebody adds docs.  KAO
 548      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title>
 549 X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c
 550      </sect1>
 551 KAO -->
 552      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title>
 553 !Idrivers/video/modedb.c
 554 !Edrivers/video/modedb.c
 555      </sect1>
 556      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title>
 557 !Edrivers/video/macmodes.c
 558      </sect1>
 559      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title>
 560         <para>
 561            Refer to the file drivers/video/console/fonts.c for more information.
 562         </para>
 563 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 564 X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c
 565 -->
 566      </sect1>
 567   </chapter>
 568 </book>