[ALSA] check for linked substreams of different cards

It is possible to have linked substreams that belong to different cards
and/or different drivers.  This patch changes some drivers to make sure
that they do not incorrectly try to handle substreams of a different
card.

Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>