ALSA: usb-audio - Avoid flood of frame-active debug messages
[pandora-kernel.git] / sound / usb / endpoint.c
index 7d46e48..08dcce5 100644 (file)
  *
  */
 
+#include <linux/gfp.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
-#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
 #include <linux/usb.h>
 #include <linux/usb/audio.h>
-#include <linux/usb/audio-v2.h>
 
 #include <sound/core.h>
 #include <sound/pcm.h>
 
 #include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "helper.h"
 #include "card.h"
-#include "proc.h"
-#include "quirks.h"
 #include "endpoint.h"
-#include "urb.h"
 #include "pcm.h"
-#include "helper.h"
-#include "format.h"
-#include "clock.h"
 
 /*
- * free a substream
+ * convert a sampling rate into our full speed format (fs/1000 in Q16.16)
+ * this will overflow at approx 524 kHz
  */
-static void free_substream(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+static inline unsigned get_usb_full_speed_rate(unsigned int rate)
 {
-       struct list_head *p, *n;
-
-       if (!subs->num_formats)
-               return; /* not initialized */
-       list_for_each_safe(p, n, &subs->fmt_list) {
-               struct audioformat *fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
-               kfree(fp->rate_table);
-               kfree(fp);
-       }
-       kfree(subs->rate_list.list);
+       return ((rate << 13) + 62) / 125;
 }
 
+/*
+ * convert a sampling rate into USB high speed format (fs/8000 in Q16.16)
+ * this will overflow at approx 4 MHz
+ */
+static inline unsigned get_usb_high_speed_rate(unsigned int rate)
+{
+       return ((rate << 10) + 62) / 125;
+}
 
 /*
- * free a usb stream instance
+ * unlink active urbs.
  */
-static void snd_usb_audio_stream_free(struct snd_usb_stream *stream)
+static int deactivate_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, int force, int can_sleep)
 {
-       free_substream(&stream->substream[0]);
-       free_substream(&stream->substream[1]);
-       list_del(&stream->list);
-       kfree(stream);
+       struct snd_usb_audio *chip = subs->stream->chip;
+       unsigned int i;
+       int async;
+
+       subs->running = 0;
+
+       if (!force && subs->stream->chip->shutdown) /* to be sure... */
+               return -EBADFD;
+
+       async = !can_sleep && chip->async_unlink;
+
+       if (!async && in_interrupt())
+               return 0;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
+               if (test_bit(i, &subs->active_mask)) {
+                       if (!test_and_set_bit(i, &subs->unlink_mask)) {
+                               struct urb *u = subs->dataurb[i].urb;
+                               if (async)
+                                       usb_unlink_urb(u);
+                               else
+                                       usb_kill_urb(u);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       if (subs->syncpipe) {
+               for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
+                       if (test_bit(i+16, &subs->active_mask)) {
+                               if (!test_and_set_bit(i+16, &subs->unlink_mask)) {
+                                       struct urb *u = subs->syncurb[i].urb;
+                                       if (async)
+                                               usb_unlink_urb(u);
+                                       else
+                                               usb_kill_urb(u);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static void snd_usb_audio_pcm_free(struct snd_pcm *pcm)
+
+/*
+ * release a urb data
+ */
+static void release_urb_ctx(struct snd_urb_ctx *u)
 {
-       struct snd_usb_stream *stream = pcm->private_data;
-       if (stream) {
-               stream->pcm = NULL;
-               snd_usb_audio_stream_free(stream);
+       if (u->urb) {
+               if (u->buffer_size)
+                       usb_free_coherent(u->subs->dev, u->buffer_size,
+                                       u->urb->transfer_buffer,
+                                       u->urb->transfer_dma);
+               usb_free_urb(u->urb);
+               u->urb = NULL;
        }
 }
 
+/*
+ *  wait until all urbs are processed.
+ */
+static int wait_clear_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+       unsigned long end_time = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(1000);
+       unsigned int i;
+       int alive;
+
+       do {
+               alive = 0;
+               for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
+                       if (test_bit(i, &subs->active_mask))
+                               alive++;
+               }
+               if (subs->syncpipe) {
+                       for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
+                               if (test_bit(i + 16, &subs->active_mask))
+                                       alive++;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (! alive)
+                       break;
+               schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
+       } while (time_before(jiffies, end_time));
+       if (alive)
+               snd_printk(KERN_ERR "timeout: still %d active urbs..\n", alive);
+       return 0;
+}
 
 /*
- * add this endpoint to the chip instance.
- * if a stream with the same endpoint already exists, append to it.
- * if not, create a new pcm stream.
+ * release a substream
  */
-int snd_usb_add_audio_endpoint(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int stream, struct audioformat *fp)
+void snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, int force)
 {
-       struct list_head *p;
-       struct snd_usb_stream *as;
-       struct snd_usb_substream *subs;
-       struct snd_pcm *pcm;
-       int err;
+       int i;
+
+       /* stop urbs (to be sure) */
+       deactivate_urbs(subs, force, 1);
+       wait_clear_urbs(subs);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < MAX_URBS; i++)
+               release_urb_ctx(&subs->dataurb[i]);
+       for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++)
+               release_urb_ctx(&subs->syncurb[i]);
+       usb_free_coherent(subs->dev, SYNC_URBS * 4,
+                       subs->syncbuf, subs->sync_dma);
+       subs->syncbuf = NULL;
+       subs->nurbs = 0;
+}
 
-       list_for_each(p, &chip->pcm_list) {
-               as = list_entry(p, struct snd_usb_stream, list);
-               if (as->fmt_type != fp->fmt_type)
-                       continue;
-               subs = &as->substream[stream];
-               if (!subs->endpoint)
-                       continue;
-               if (subs->endpoint == fp->endpoint) {
-                       list_add_tail(&fp->list, &subs->fmt_list);
-                       subs->num_formats++;
-                       subs->formats |= fp->formats;
-                       return 0;
+/*
+ * complete callback from data urb
+ */
+static void snd_complete_urb(struct urb *urb)
+{
+       struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+       struct snd_usb_substream *subs = ctx->subs;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = ctx->subs->pcm_substream;
+       int err = 0;
+
+       if ((subs->running && subs->ops.retire(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) ||
+           !subs->running || /* can be stopped during retire callback */
+           (err = subs->ops.prepare(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) < 0 ||
+           (err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) < 0) {
+               clear_bit(ctx->index, &subs->active_mask);
+               if (err < 0) {
+                       snd_printd(KERN_ERR "cannot submit urb (err = %d)\n", err);
+                       snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
                }
        }
-       /* look for an empty stream */
-       list_for_each(p, &chip->pcm_list) {
-               as = list_entry(p, struct snd_usb_stream, list);
-               if (as->fmt_type != fp->fmt_type)
-                       continue;
-               subs = &as->substream[stream];
-               if (subs->endpoint)
-                       continue;
-               err = snd_pcm_new_stream(as->pcm, stream, 1);
-               if (err < 0)
-                       return err;
-               snd_usb_init_substream(as, stream, fp);
-               return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * complete callback from sync urb
+ */
+static void snd_complete_sync_urb(struct urb *urb)
+{
+       struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+       struct snd_usb_substream *subs = ctx->subs;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = ctx->subs->pcm_substream;
+       int err = 0;
+
+       if ((subs->running && subs->ops.retire_sync(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) ||
+           !subs->running || /* can be stopped during retire callback */
+           (err = subs->ops.prepare_sync(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) < 0 ||
+           (err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) < 0) {
+               clear_bit(ctx->index + 16, &subs->active_mask);
+               if (err < 0) {
+                       snd_printd(KERN_ERR "cannot submit sync urb (err = %d)\n", err);
+                       snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
+               }
        }
+}
+
 
-       /* create a new pcm */
-       as = kzalloc(sizeof(*as), GFP_KERNEL);
-       if (!as)
-               return -ENOMEM;
-       as->pcm_index = chip->pcm_devs;
-       as->chip = chip;
-       as->fmt_type = fp->fmt_type;
-       err = snd_pcm_new(chip->card, "USB Audio", chip->pcm_devs,
-                         stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ? 1 : 0,
-                         stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ? 0 : 1,
-                         &pcm);
-       if (err < 0) {
-               kfree(as);
-               return err;
+/*
+ * initialize a substream for plaback/capture
+ */
+int snd_usb_init_substream_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                               unsigned int period_bytes,
+                               unsigned int rate,
+                               unsigned int frame_bits)
+{
+       unsigned int maxsize, i;
+       int is_playback = subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
+       unsigned int urb_packs, total_packs, packs_per_ms;
+       struct snd_usb_audio *chip = subs->stream->chip;
+
+       /* calculate the frequency in 16.16 format */
+       if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL)
+               subs->freqn = get_usb_full_speed_rate(rate);
+       else
+               subs->freqn = get_usb_high_speed_rate(rate);
+       subs->freqm = subs->freqn;
+       subs->freqshift = INT_MIN;
+       /* calculate max. frequency */
+       if (subs->maxpacksize) {
+               /* whatever fits into a max. size packet */
+               maxsize = subs->maxpacksize;
+               subs->freqmax = (maxsize / (frame_bits >> 3))
+                               << (16 - subs->datainterval);
+       } else {
+               /* no max. packet size: just take 25% higher than nominal */
+               subs->freqmax = subs->freqn + (subs->freqn >> 2);
+               maxsize = ((subs->freqmax + 0xffff) * (frame_bits >> 3))
+                               >> (16 - subs->datainterval);
        }
-       as->pcm = pcm;
-       pcm->private_data = as;
-       pcm->private_free = snd_usb_audio_pcm_free;
-       pcm->info_flags = 0;
-       if (chip->pcm_devs > 0)
-               sprintf(pcm->name, "USB Audio #%d", chip->pcm_devs);
+       subs->phase = 0;
+
+       if (subs->fill_max)
+               subs->curpacksize = subs->maxpacksize;
        else
-               strcpy(pcm->name, "USB Audio");
+               subs->curpacksize = maxsize;
 
-       snd_usb_init_substream(as, stream, fp);
+       if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) != USB_SPEED_FULL)
+               packs_per_ms = 8 >> subs->datainterval;
+       else
+               packs_per_ms = 1;
+
+       if (is_playback) {
+               urb_packs = max(chip->nrpacks, 1);
+               urb_packs = min(urb_packs, (unsigned int)MAX_PACKS);
+       } else
+               urb_packs = 1;
+       urb_packs *= packs_per_ms;
+       if (subs->syncpipe)
+               urb_packs = min(urb_packs, 1U << subs->syncinterval);
+
+       /* decide how many packets to be used */
+       if (is_playback) {
+               unsigned int minsize, maxpacks;
+               /* determine how small a packet can be */
+               minsize = (subs->freqn >> (16 - subs->datainterval))
+                         * (frame_bits >> 3);
+               /* with sync from device, assume it can be 12% lower */
+               if (subs->syncpipe)
+                       minsize -= minsize >> 3;
+               minsize = max(minsize, 1u);
+               total_packs = (period_bytes + minsize - 1) / minsize;
+               /* we need at least two URBs for queueing */
+               if (total_packs < 2) {
+                       total_packs = 2;
+               } else {
+                       /* and we don't want too long a queue either */
+                       maxpacks = max(MAX_QUEUE * packs_per_ms, urb_packs * 2);
+                       total_packs = min(total_packs, maxpacks);
+               }
+       } else {
+               while (urb_packs > 1 && urb_packs * maxsize >= period_bytes)
+                       urb_packs >>= 1;
+               total_packs = MAX_URBS * urb_packs;
+       }
+       subs->nurbs = (total_packs + urb_packs - 1) / urb_packs;
+       if (subs->nurbs > MAX_URBS) {
+               /* too much... */
+               subs->nurbs = MAX_URBS;
+               total_packs = MAX_URBS * urb_packs;
+       } else if (subs->nurbs < 2) {
+               /* too little - we need at least two packets
+                * to ensure contiguous playback/capture
+                */
+               subs->nurbs = 2;
+       }
 
-       list_add(&as->list, &chip->pcm_list);
-       chip->pcm_devs++;
+       /* allocate and initialize data urbs */
+       for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
+               struct snd_urb_ctx *u = &subs->dataurb[i];
+               u->index = i;
+               u->subs = subs;
+               u->packets = (i + 1) * total_packs / subs->nurbs
+                       - i * total_packs / subs->nurbs;
+               u->buffer_size = maxsize * u->packets;
+               if (subs->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II)
+                       u->packets++; /* for transfer delimiter */
+               u->urb = usb_alloc_urb(u->packets, GFP_KERNEL);
+               if (!u->urb)
+                       goto out_of_memory;
+               u->urb->transfer_buffer =
+                       usb_alloc_coherent(subs->dev, u->buffer_size,
+                                          GFP_KERNEL, &u->urb->transfer_dma);
+               if (!u->urb->transfer_buffer)
+                       goto out_of_memory;
+               u->urb->pipe = subs->datapipe;
+               u->urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP | URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
+               u->urb->interval = 1 << subs->datainterval;
+               u->urb->context = u;
+               u->urb->complete = snd_complete_urb;
+       }
+
+       if (subs->syncpipe) {
+               /* allocate and initialize sync urbs */
+               subs->syncbuf = usb_alloc_coherent(subs->dev, SYNC_URBS * 4,
+                                                GFP_KERNEL, &subs->sync_dma);
+               if (!subs->syncbuf)
+                       goto out_of_memory;
+               for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
+                       struct snd_urb_ctx *u = &subs->syncurb[i];
+                       u->index = i;
+                       u->subs = subs;
+                       u->packets = 1;
+                       u->urb = usb_alloc_urb(1, GFP_KERNEL);
+                       if (!u->urb)
+                               goto out_of_memory;
+                       u->urb->transfer_buffer = subs->syncbuf + i * 4;
+                       u->urb->transfer_dma = subs->sync_dma + i * 4;
+                       u->urb->transfer_buffer_length = 4;
+                       u->urb->pipe = subs->syncpipe;
+                       u->urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP |
+                                                URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
+                       u->urb->number_of_packets = 1;
+                       u->urb->interval = 1 << subs->syncinterval;
+                       u->urb->context = u;
+                       u->urb->complete = snd_complete_sync_urb;
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
 
-       snd_usb_proc_pcm_format_add(as);
+out_of_memory:
+       snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(subs, 0);
+       return -ENOMEM;
+}
 
+/*
+ * prepare urb for full speed capture sync pipe
+ *
+ * fill the length and offset of each urb descriptor.
+ * the fixed 10.14 frequency is passed through the pipe.
+ */
+static int prepare_capture_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                                   struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+                                   struct urb *urb)
+{
+       unsigned char *cp = urb->transfer_buffer;
+       struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+
+       urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+       urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 3;
+       urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
+       cp[0] = subs->freqn >> 2;
+       cp[1] = subs->freqn >> 10;
+       cp[2] = subs->freqn >> 18;
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int parse_uac_endpoint_attributes(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-                                        struct usb_host_interface *alts,
-                                        int protocol, int iface_no)
+/*
+ * prepare urb for high speed capture sync pipe
+ *
+ * fill the length and offset of each urb descriptor.
+ * the fixed 12.13 frequency is passed as 16.16 through the pipe.
+ */
+static int prepare_capture_sync_urb_hs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                                      struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+                                      struct urb *urb)
 {
-       /* parsed with a v1 header here. that's ok as we only look at the
-        * header first which is the same for both versions */
-       struct uac_iso_endpoint_descriptor *csep;
-       struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
-       int attributes = 0;
-
-       csep = snd_usb_find_desc(alts->endpoint[0].extra, alts->endpoint[0].extralen, NULL, USB_DT_CS_ENDPOINT);
-
-       /* Creamware Noah has this descriptor after the 2nd endpoint */
-       if (!csep && altsd->bNumEndpoints >= 2)
-               csep = snd_usb_find_desc(alts->endpoint[1].extra, alts->endpoint[1].extralen, NULL, USB_DT_CS_ENDPOINT);
-
-       if (!csep || csep->bLength < 7 ||
-           csep->bDescriptorSubtype != UAC_EP_GENERAL) {
-               snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "%d:%u:%d : no or invalid"
-                          " class specific endpoint descriptor\n",
-                          chip->dev->devnum, iface_no,
-                          altsd->bAlternateSetting);
-               return 0;
-       }
+       unsigned char *cp = urb->transfer_buffer;
+       struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+
+       urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+       urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 4;
+       urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
+       cp[0] = subs->freqn;
+       cp[1] = subs->freqn >> 8;
+       cp[2] = subs->freqn >> 16;
+       cp[3] = subs->freqn >> 24;
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       if (protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) {
-               attributes = csep->bmAttributes;
-       } else {
-               struct uac2_iso_endpoint_descriptor *csep2 =
-                       (struct uac2_iso_endpoint_descriptor *) csep;
+/*
+ * process after capture sync complete
+ * - nothing to do
+ */
+static int retire_capture_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                                  struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+                                  struct urb *urb)
+{
+       return 0;
+}
 
-               attributes = csep->bmAttributes & UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_FILL_MAX;
+/*
+ * prepare urb for capture data pipe
+ *
+ * fill the offset and length of each descriptor.
+ *
+ * we use a temporary buffer to write the captured data.
+ * since the length of written data is determined by host, we cannot
+ * write onto the pcm buffer directly...  the data is thus copied
+ * later at complete callback to the global buffer.
+ */
+static int prepare_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                              struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+                              struct urb *urb)
+{
+       int i, offs;
+       struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+
+       offs = 0;
+       urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+       for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; i++) {
+               urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offs;
+               urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = subs->curpacksize;
+               offs += subs->curpacksize;
+       }
+       urb->transfer_buffer_length = offs;
+       urb->number_of_packets = ctx->packets;
+       return 0;
+}
 
-               /* emulate the endpoint attributes of a v1 device */
-               if (csep2->bmControls & UAC2_CONTROL_PITCH)
-                       attributes |= UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_PITCH_CONTROL;
+/*
+ * process after capture complete
+ *
+ * copy the data from each desctiptor to the pcm buffer, and
+ * update the current position.
+ */
+static int retire_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                             struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+                             struct urb *urb)
+{
+       unsigned long flags;
+       unsigned char *cp;
+       int i;
+       unsigned int stride, frames, bytes, oldptr;
+       int period_elapsed = 0;
+
+       stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < urb->number_of_packets; i++) {
+               cp = (unsigned char *)urb->transfer_buffer + urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset;
+               if (urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status && printk_ratelimit()) {
+                       snd_printdd("frame %d active: %d\n", i, urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status);
+                       // continue;
+               }
+               bytes = urb->iso_frame_desc[i].actual_length;
+               frames = bytes / stride;
+               if (!subs->txfr_quirk)
+                       bytes = frames * stride;
+               if (bytes % (runtime->sample_bits >> 3) != 0) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE
+                       int oldbytes = bytes;
+#endif
+                       bytes = frames * stride;
+                       snd_printdd(KERN_ERR "Corrected urb data len. %d->%d\n",
+                                                       oldbytes, bytes);
+               }
+               /* update the current pointer */
+               spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+               oldptr = subs->hwptr_done;
+               subs->hwptr_done += bytes;
+               if (subs->hwptr_done >= runtime->buffer_size * stride)
+                       subs->hwptr_done -= runtime->buffer_size * stride;
+               frames = (bytes + (oldptr % stride)) / stride;
+               subs->transfer_done += frames;
+               if (subs->transfer_done >= runtime->period_size) {
+                       subs->transfer_done -= runtime->period_size;
+                       period_elapsed = 1;
+               }
+               spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+               /* copy a data chunk */
+               if (oldptr + bytes > runtime->buffer_size * stride) {
+                       unsigned int bytes1 =
+                                       runtime->buffer_size * stride - oldptr;
+                       memcpy(runtime->dma_area + oldptr, cp, bytes1);
+                       memcpy(runtime->dma_area, cp + bytes1, bytes - bytes1);
+               } else {
+                       memcpy(runtime->dma_area + oldptr, cp, bytes);
+               }
        }
+       if (period_elapsed)
+               snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       return attributes;
+/*
+ * Process after capture complete when paused.  Nothing to do.
+ */
+static int retire_paused_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                                    struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+                                    struct urb *urb)
+{
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static struct uac2_input_terminal_descriptor *
-       snd_usb_find_input_terminal_descriptor(struct usb_host_interface *ctrl_iface,
-                                              int terminal_id)
+
+/*
+ * prepare urb for playback sync pipe
+ *
+ * set up the offset and length to receive the current frequency.
+ */
+static int prepare_playback_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                                    struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+                                    struct urb *urb)
 {
-       struct uac2_input_terminal_descriptor *term = NULL;
+       struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+
+       urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+       urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = min(4u, ctx->subs->syncmaxsize);
+       urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       while ((term = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(ctrl_iface->extra,
-                                              ctrl_iface->extralen,
-                                              term, UAC_INPUT_TERMINAL))) {
-               if (term->bTerminalID == terminal_id)
-                       return term;
+/*
+ * process after playback sync complete
+ *
+ * Full speed devices report feedback values in 10.14 format as samples per
+ * frame, high speed devices in 16.16 format as samples per microframe.
+ * Because the Audio Class 1 spec was written before USB 2.0, many high speed
+ * devices use a wrong interpretation, some others use an entirely different
+ * format.  Therefore, we cannot predict what format any particular device uses
+ * and must detect it automatically.
+ */
+static int retire_playback_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                                   struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+                                   struct urb *urb)
+{
+       unsigned int f;
+       int shift;
+       unsigned long flags;
+
+       if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].status != 0 ||
+           urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length < 3)
+               return 0;
+
+       f = le32_to_cpup(urb->transfer_buffer);
+       if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length == 3)
+               f &= 0x00ffffff;
+       else
+               f &= 0x0fffffff;
+       if (f == 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (unlikely(subs->freqshift == INT_MIN)) {
+               /*
+                * The first time we see a feedback value, determine its format
+                * by shifting it left or right until it matches the nominal
+                * frequency value.  This assumes that the feedback does not
+                * differ from the nominal value more than +50% or -25%.
+                */
+               shift = 0;
+               while (f < subs->freqn - subs->freqn / 4) {
+                       f <<= 1;
+                       shift++;
+               }
+               while (f > subs->freqn + subs->freqn / 2) {
+                       f >>= 1;
+                       shift--;
+               }
+               subs->freqshift = shift;
+       }
+       else if (subs->freqshift >= 0)
+               f <<= subs->freqshift;
+       else
+               f >>= -subs->freqshift;
+
+       if (likely(f >= subs->freqn - subs->freqn / 8 && f <= subs->freqmax)) {
+               /*
+                * If the frequency looks valid, set it.
+                * This value is referred to in prepare_playback_urb().
+                */
+               spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+               subs->freqm = f;
+               spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+       } else {
+               /*
+                * Out of range; maybe the shift value is wrong.
+                * Reset it so that we autodetect again the next time.
+                */
+               subs->freqshift = INT_MIN;
        }
 
-       return NULL;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static struct uac2_output_terminal_descriptor *
-       snd_usb_find_output_terminal_descriptor(struct usb_host_interface *ctrl_iface,
-                                               int terminal_id)
+/* determine the number of frames in the next packet */
+static int snd_usb_audio_next_packet_size(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
 {
-       struct uac2_output_terminal_descriptor *term = NULL;
-
-       while ((term = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(ctrl_iface->extra,
-                                              ctrl_iface->extralen,
-                                              term, UAC_OUTPUT_TERMINAL))) {
-               if (term->bTerminalID == terminal_id)
-                       return term;
+       if (subs->fill_max)
+               return subs->maxframesize;
+       else {
+               subs->phase = (subs->phase & 0xffff)
+                       + (subs->freqm << subs->datainterval);
+               return min(subs->phase >> 16, subs->maxframesize);
        }
+}
 
-       return NULL;
+/*
+ * Prepare urb for streaming before playback starts or when paused.
+ *
+ * We don't have any data, so we send silence.
+ */
+static int prepare_nodata_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                                      struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+                                      struct urb *urb)
+{
+       unsigned int i, offs, counts;
+       struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+       int stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
+
+       offs = 0;
+       urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev;
+       for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; ++i) {
+               counts = snd_usb_audio_next_packet_size(subs);
+               urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offs * stride;
+               urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = counts * stride;
+               offs += counts;
+       }
+       urb->number_of_packets = ctx->packets;
+       urb->transfer_buffer_length = offs * stride;
+       memset(urb->transfer_buffer,
+              runtime->format == SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8 ? 0x80 : 0,
+              offs * stride);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-int snd_usb_parse_audio_endpoints(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface_no)
+/*
+ * prepare urb for playback data pipe
+ *
+ * Since a URB can handle only a single linear buffer, we must use double
+ * buffering when the data to be transferred overflows the buffer boundary.
+ * To avoid inconsistencies when updating hwptr_done, we use double buffering
+ * for all URBs.
+ */
+static int prepare_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                               struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+                               struct urb *urb)
 {
-       struct usb_device *dev;
-       struct usb_interface *iface;
-       struct usb_host_interface *alts;
-       struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
-       int i, altno, err, stream;
-       int format = 0, num_channels = 0;
-       struct audioformat *fp = NULL;
-       int num, protocol, clock = 0;
-       struct uac_format_type_i_continuous_descriptor *fmt;
+       int i, stride;
+       unsigned int counts, frames, bytes;
+       unsigned long flags;
+       int period_elapsed = 0;
+       struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+
+       stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
+
+       frames = 0;
+       urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+       urb->number_of_packets = 0;
+       spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+       for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; i++) {
+               counts = snd_usb_audio_next_packet_size(subs);
+               /* set up descriptor */
+               urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = frames * stride;
+               urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = counts * stride;
+               frames += counts;
+               urb->number_of_packets++;
+               subs->transfer_done += counts;
+               if (subs->transfer_done >= runtime->period_size) {
+                       subs->transfer_done -= runtime->period_size;
+                       period_elapsed = 1;
+                       if (subs->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II) {
+                               if (subs->transfer_done > 0) {
+                                       /* FIXME: fill-max mode is not
+                                        * supported yet */
+                                       frames -= subs->transfer_done;
+                                       counts -= subs->transfer_done;
+                                       urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length =
+                                               counts * stride;
+                                       subs->transfer_done = 0;
+                               }
+                               i++;
+                               if (i < ctx->packets) {
+                                       /* add a transfer delimiter */
+                                       urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset =
+                                               frames * stride;
+                                       urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = 0;
+                                       urb->number_of_packets++;
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (period_elapsed) /* finish at the period boundary */
+                       break;
+       }
+       bytes = frames * stride;
+       if (subs->hwptr_done + bytes > runtime->buffer_size * stride) {
+               /* err, the transferred area goes over buffer boundary. */
+               unsigned int bytes1 =
+                       runtime->buffer_size * stride - subs->hwptr_done;
+               memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer,
+                      runtime->dma_area + subs->hwptr_done, bytes1);
+               memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer + bytes1,
+                      runtime->dma_area, bytes - bytes1);
+       } else {
+               memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer,
+                      runtime->dma_area + subs->hwptr_done, bytes);
+       }
+       subs->hwptr_done += bytes;
+       if (subs->hwptr_done >= runtime->buffer_size * stride)
+               subs->hwptr_done -= runtime->buffer_size * stride;
+
+       /* update delay with exact number of samples queued */
+       runtime->delay = subs->last_delay;
+       runtime->delay += frames;
+       subs->last_delay = runtime->delay;
+
+       /* realign last_frame_number */
+       subs->last_frame_number = usb_get_current_frame_number(subs->dev);
+       subs->last_frame_number &= 0xFF; /* keep 8 LSBs */
+
+       spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+       urb->transfer_buffer_length = bytes;
+       if (period_elapsed)
+               snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       dev = chip->dev;
+/*
+ * process after playback data complete
+ * - decrease the delay count again
+ */
+static int retire_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                              struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+                              struct urb *urb)
+{
+       unsigned long flags;
+       int stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
+       int processed = urb->transfer_buffer_length / stride;
+       int est_delay;
 
-       /* parse the interface's altsettings */
-       iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, iface_no);
+       spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
 
-       num = iface->num_altsetting;
+       est_delay = snd_usb_pcm_delay(subs, runtime->rate);
+       /* update delay with exact number of samples played */
+       if (processed > subs->last_delay)
+               subs->last_delay = 0;
+       else
+               subs->last_delay -= processed;
+       runtime->delay = subs->last_delay;
 
        /*
-        * Dallas DS4201 workaround: It presents 5 altsettings, but the last
-        * one misses syncpipe, and does not produce any sound.
+        * Report when delay estimate is off by more than 2ms.
+        * The error should be lower than 2ms since the estimate relies
+        * on two reads of a counter updated every ms.
         */
-       if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x04fa, 0x4201))
-               num = 4;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
-               alts = &iface->altsetting[i];
-               altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
-               protocol = altsd->bInterfaceProtocol;
-               /* skip invalid one */
-               if ((altsd->bInterfaceClass != USB_CLASS_AUDIO &&
-                    altsd->bInterfaceClass != USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) ||
-                   (altsd->bInterfaceSubClass != USB_SUBCLASS_AUDIOSTREAMING &&
-                    altsd->bInterfaceSubClass != USB_SUBCLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) ||
-                   altsd->bNumEndpoints < 1 ||
-                   le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize) == 0)
-                       continue;
-               /* must be isochronous */
-               if ((get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK) !=
-                   USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_ISOC)
-                       continue;
-               /* check direction */
-               stream = (get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress & USB_DIR_IN) ?
-                       SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE : SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
-               altno = altsd->bAlternateSetting;
-
-               if (snd_usb_apply_interface_quirk(chip, iface_no, altno))
-                       continue;
-
-               /* get audio formats */
-               switch (protocol) {
-               default:
-                       snd_printdd(KERN_WARNING "%d:%u:%d: unknown interface protocol %#02x, assuming v1\n",
-                                   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno, protocol);
-                       protocol = UAC_VERSION_1;
-                       /* fall through */
-
-               case UAC_VERSION_1: {
-                       struct uac1_as_header_descriptor *as =
-                               snd_usb_find_csint_desc(alts->extra, alts->extralen, NULL, UAC_AS_GENERAL);
-
-                       if (!as) {
-                               snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : UAC_AS_GENERAL descriptor not found\n",
-                                          dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-                               continue;
-                       }
+       if (abs(est_delay - subs->last_delay) * 1000 > runtime->rate * 2)
+               snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "delay: estimated %d, actual %d\n",
+                       est_delay, subs->last_delay);
 
-                       if (as->bLength < sizeof(*as)) {
-                               snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid UAC_AS_GENERAL desc\n",
-                                          dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-                               continue;
-                       }
+       spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-                       format = le16_to_cpu(as->wFormatTag); /* remember the format value */
-                       break;
-               }
+static const char *usb_error_string(int err)
+{
+       switch (err) {
+       case -ENODEV:
+               return "no device";
+       case -ENOENT:
+               return "endpoint not enabled";
+       case -EPIPE:
+               return "endpoint stalled";
+       case -ENOSPC:
+               return "not enough bandwidth";
+       case -ESHUTDOWN:
+               return "device disabled";
+       case -EHOSTUNREACH:
+               return "device suspended";
+       case -EINVAL:
+       case -EAGAIN:
+       case -EFBIG:
+       case -EMSGSIZE:
+               return "internal error";
+       default:
+               return "unknown error";
+       }
+}
 
-               case UAC_VERSION_2: {
-                       struct uac2_input_terminal_descriptor *input_term;
-                       struct uac2_output_terminal_descriptor *output_term;
-                       struct uac2_as_header_descriptor *as =
-                               snd_usb_find_csint_desc(alts->extra, alts->extralen, NULL, UAC_AS_GENERAL);
+/*
+ * set up and start data/sync urbs
+ */
+static int start_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+       int err;
 
-                       if (!as) {
-                               snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : UAC_AS_GENERAL descriptor not found\n",
-                                          dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-                               continue;
+       if (subs->stream->chip->shutdown)
+               return -EBADFD;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
+               if (snd_BUG_ON(!subs->dataurb[i].urb))
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               if (subs->ops.prepare(subs, runtime, subs->dataurb[i].urb) < 0) {
+                       snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot prepare datapipe for urb %d\n", i);
+                       goto __error;
+               }
+       }
+       if (subs->syncpipe) {
+               for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
+                       if (snd_BUG_ON(!subs->syncurb[i].urb))
+                               return -EINVAL;
+                       if (subs->ops.prepare_sync(subs, runtime, subs->syncurb[i].urb) < 0) {
+                               snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot prepare syncpipe for urb %d\n", i);
+                               goto __error;
                        }
+               }
+       }
 
-                       if (as->bLength < sizeof(*as)) {
-                               snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid UAC_AS_GENERAL desc\n",
-                                          dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-                               continue;
+       subs->active_mask = 0;
+       subs->unlink_mask = 0;
+       subs->running = 1;
+       for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
+               err = usb_submit_urb(subs->dataurb[i].urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+               if (err < 0) {
+                       snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot submit datapipe "
+                                  "for urb %d, error %d: %s\n",
+                                  i, err, usb_error_string(err));
+                       goto __error;
+               }
+               set_bit(i, &subs->active_mask);
+       }
+       if (subs->syncpipe) {
+               for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
+                       err = usb_submit_urb(subs->syncurb[i].urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+                       if (err < 0) {
+                               snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot submit syncpipe "
+                                          "for urb %d, error %d: %s\n",
+                                          i, err, usb_error_string(err));
+                               goto __error;
                        }
+                       set_bit(i + 16, &subs->active_mask);
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
 
-                       num_channels = as->bNrChannels;
-                       format = le32_to_cpu(as->bmFormats);
+ __error:
+       // snd_pcm_stop(subs->pcm_substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
+       deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 0);
+       return -EPIPE;
+}
 
-                       /* lookup the terminal associated to this interface
-                        * to extract the clock */
-                       input_term = snd_usb_find_input_terminal_descriptor(chip->ctrl_intf,
-                                                                           as->bTerminalLink);
-                       if (input_term) {
-                               clock = input_term->bCSourceID;
-                               break;
-                       }
 
-                       output_term = snd_usb_find_output_terminal_descriptor(chip->ctrl_intf,
-                                                                             as->bTerminalLink);
-                       if (output_term) {
-                               clock = output_term->bCSourceID;
-                               break;
-                       }
+/*
+ */
+static struct snd_urb_ops audio_urb_ops[2] = {
+       {
+               .prepare =      prepare_nodata_playback_urb,
+               .retire =       retire_playback_urb,
+               .prepare_sync = prepare_playback_sync_urb,
+               .retire_sync =  retire_playback_sync_urb,
+       },
+       {
+               .prepare =      prepare_capture_urb,
+               .retire =       retire_capture_urb,
+               .prepare_sync = prepare_capture_sync_urb,
+               .retire_sync =  retire_capture_sync_urb,
+       },
+};
 
-                       snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : bogus bTerminalLink %d\n",
-                                  dev->devnum, iface_no, altno, as->bTerminalLink);
-                       continue;
-               }
-               }
+/*
+ * initialize the substream instance.
+ */
 
-               /* get format type */
-               fmt = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(alts->extra, alts->extralen, NULL, UAC_FORMAT_TYPE);
-               if (!fmt) {
-                       snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : no UAC_FORMAT_TYPE desc\n",
-                                  dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (((protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) && (fmt->bLength < 8)) ||
-                   ((protocol == UAC_VERSION_2) && (fmt->bLength < 6))) {
-                       snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid UAC_FORMAT_TYPE desc\n",
-                                  dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-                       continue;
-               }
+void snd_usb_init_substream(struct snd_usb_stream *as,
+                           int stream, struct audioformat *fp)
+{
+       struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[stream];
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&subs->fmt_list);
+       spin_lock_init(&subs->lock);
+
+       subs->stream = as;
+       subs->direction = stream;
+       subs->dev = as->chip->dev;
+       subs->txfr_quirk = as->chip->txfr_quirk;
+       subs->ops = audio_urb_ops[stream];
+       if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) >= USB_SPEED_HIGH)
+               subs->ops.prepare_sync = prepare_capture_sync_urb_hs;
+
+       snd_usb_set_pcm_ops(as->pcm, stream);
+
+       list_add_tail(&fp->list, &subs->fmt_list);
+       subs->formats |= fp->formats;
+       subs->endpoint = fp->endpoint;
+       subs->num_formats++;
+       subs->fmt_type = fp->fmt_type;
+}
 
-               /*
-                * Blue Microphones workaround: The last altsetting is identical
-                * with the previous one, except for a larger packet size, but
-                * is actually a mislabeled two-channel setting; ignore it.
-                */
-               if (fmt->bNrChannels == 1 &&
-                   fmt->bSubframeSize == 2 &&
-                   altno == 2 && num == 3 &&
-                   fp && fp->altsetting == 1 && fp->channels == 1 &&
-                   fp->formats == SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE &&
-                   protocol == UAC_VERSION_1 &&
-                   le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize) ==
-                                                       fp->maxpacksize * 2)
-                       continue;
-
-               fp = kzalloc(sizeof(*fp), GFP_KERNEL);
-               if (! fp) {
-                       snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot malloc\n");
-                       return -ENOMEM;
-               }
+int snd_usb_substream_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
+{
+       struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
 
-               fp->iface = iface_no;
-               fp->altsetting = altno;
-               fp->altset_idx = i;
-               fp->endpoint = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress;
-               fp->ep_attr = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bmAttributes;
-               fp->datainterval = snd_usb_parse_datainterval(chip, alts);
-               fp->maxpacksize = le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize);
-               /* num_channels is only set for v2 interfaces */
-               fp->channels = num_channels;
-               if (snd_usb_get_speed(dev) == USB_SPEED_HIGH)
-                       fp->maxpacksize = (((fp->maxpacksize >> 11) & 3) + 1)
-                                       * (fp->maxpacksize & 0x7ff);
-               fp->attributes = parse_uac_endpoint_attributes(chip, alts, protocol, iface_no);
-               fp->clock = clock;
-
-               /* some quirks for attributes here */
-
-               switch (chip->usb_id) {
-               case USB_ID(0x0a92, 0x0053): /* AudioTrak Optoplay */
-                       /* Optoplay sets the sample rate attribute although
-                        * it seems not supporting it in fact.
-                        */
-                       fp->attributes &= ~UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE;
-                       break;
-               case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020): /* Creative SB Audigy 2 NX */
-               case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2003): /* M-Audio Audiophile USB */
-                       /* doesn't set the sample rate attribute, but supports it */
-                       fp->attributes |= UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE;
-                       break;
-               case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2001):  /* M-Audio Quattro USB */
-               case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2012):  /* M-Audio Fast Track Pro USB */
-               case USB_ID(0x047f, 0x0ca1): /* plantronics headset */
-               case USB_ID(0x077d, 0x07af): /* Griffin iMic (note that there is
-                                               an older model 77d:223) */
-               /*
-                * plantronics headset and Griffin iMic have set adaptive-in
-                * although it's really not...
-                */
-                       fp->ep_attr &= ~USB_ENDPOINT_SYNCTYPE;
-                       if (stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
-                               fp->ep_attr |= USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE;
-                       else
-                               fp->ep_attr |= USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_SYNC;
-                       break;
-               }
+       switch (cmd) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+               subs->ops.prepare = prepare_playback_urb;
+               return 0;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+               return deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 0);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+               subs->ops.prepare = prepare_nodata_playback_urb;
+               return 0;
+       }
 
-               /* ok, let's parse further... */
-               if (snd_usb_parse_audio_format(chip, fp, format, fmt, stream, alts) < 0) {
-                       kfree(fp->rate_table);
-                       kfree(fp);
-                       fp = NULL;
-                       continue;
-               }
+       return -EINVAL;
+}
 
-               snd_printdd(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d: add audio endpoint %#x\n", dev->devnum, iface_no, altno, fp->endpoint);
-               err = snd_usb_add_audio_endpoint(chip, stream, fp);
-               if (err < 0) {
-                       kfree(fp->rate_table);
-                       kfree(fp);
-                       return err;
-               }
-               /* try to set the interface... */
-               usb_set_interface(chip->dev, iface_no, altno);
-               snd_usb_init_pitch(chip, iface_no, alts, fp);
-               snd_usb_init_sample_rate(chip, iface_no, alts, fp, fp->rate_max);
+int snd_usb_substream_capture_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
+{
+       struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+
+       switch (cmd) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+               subs->ops.retire = retire_capture_urb;
+               return start_urbs(subs, substream->runtime);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+               return deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 0);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+               subs->ops.retire = retire_paused_capture_urb;
+               return 0;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+               subs->ops.retire = retire_capture_urb;
+               return 0;
        }
+
+       return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int snd_usb_substream_prepare(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+                             struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+{
+       /* clear urbs (to be sure) */
+       deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 1);
+       wait_clear_urbs(subs);
+
+       /* for playback, submit the URBs now; otherwise, the first hwptr_done
+        * updates for all URBs would happen at the same time when starting */
+       if (subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
+               subs->ops.prepare = prepare_nodata_playback_urb;
+               return start_urbs(subs, runtime);
+       }
+
        return 0;
 }