2 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver
3 ==========================================
10 To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
11 primary sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND). Since ALSA can emulate OSS,
12 you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
14 Enable "OSS API emulation" (CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL) and both OSS mixer and
15 PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
17 If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
18 SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
19 (CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER).
21 To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
22 and "Debug" options. To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
23 too. "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
25 Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
26 (if the card supports ISA PnP). You don't need to configure the cards
33 This depends on your distribution, but normally you use the /dev/MAKEDEV
34 script to create the necessary device nodes. On some systems you use a
35 script named 'snddevices'.
41 The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
42 one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
43 specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
45 Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
50 The core ALSA module. It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
51 It takes the following options which have global effects.
53 major - major number for sound driver
56 - limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8)
58 - For auto-loading more than one card, specify this
59 option together with snd-card-X aliases.
60 slots - Reserve the slot index for the given driver.
61 This option takes multiple strings.
62 See "Module Autoloading Support" section for details.
63 debug - Specifies the debug message level
64 (0 = disable debug prints, 1 = normal debug messages,
65 2 = verbose debug messages)
66 This option appears only when CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y.
67 This option can be dynamically changed via sysfs
68 /sys/modules/snd/parameters/debug file.
73 The PCM OSS emulation module.
74 This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
76 dsp_map - PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
78 adsp_map - PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
81 - Don't block opening busy PCM devices. Default: 1
83 For example, when dsp_map=2, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
84 the card #0. Similarly, when adsp_map=0, /dev/adsp will be mapped
85 to PCM #0 of the card #0.
86 For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
87 commas, such like "dsp_map=0,1".
89 nonblock_open option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
90 regarding opening the device. When this option is non-zero,
91 opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
92 immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
97 This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
98 similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
100 midi_map - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
102 amidi_map - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
105 Common parameters for top sound card modules
106 --------------------------------------------
108 Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
110 index - index (slot #) of sound card
111 - Values: 0 through 31 or negative
112 - If nonnegative, assign that index number
113 - if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible
114 indices; the first free permitted index is assigned
116 id - card ID (identifier or name)
117 - Can be up to 15 characters long
118 - Default: the card type
119 - A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
120 containing information about the card
121 - This ID can be used instead of the index number in
124 - Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
129 Module for AdLib FM cards.
131 port - port # for OPL chip
133 This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
134 the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
135 Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
138 Make sure you have "sbiload" from the alsa-tools package available and,
139 after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
140 number through "sbiload -l". Example output:
142 Port Client name Port name
143 64:0 OPL2 FM synth OPL2 FM Port
145 Load the std.sb and drums.sb patches also supplied by sbiload:
147 sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb
149 If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use std.o3 and drums.o3
150 instead. To have the card produce sound, use aplaymidi from alsa-utils:
152 aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid
157 Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
159 clockfreq - Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
161 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
166 Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
168 port - port # for AD1848 chip
169 irq - IRQ # for AD1848 chip
170 dma1 - DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
172 This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe
173 thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
175 The power-management is supported.
180 Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.
182 ac97_quirk - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
183 See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
185 This module supports multiple cards.
190 Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
192 pcm_channels - Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
193 spdif - Support SPDIF I/O
196 This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
198 The power-management is supported.
203 Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
205 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
207 The power-management is supported.
212 Module for Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+
214 This module supports multiple cards.
216 The power-management is supported.
221 Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
223 joystick_port - port # for legacy joystick support.
224 0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
226 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
228 The power-management is supported.
233 Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.
235 ac97_clock - AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
236 ac97_quirk - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
237 See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
238 ac97_codec - Workaround to specify which AC'97 codec
239 instead of probing. If this works for you
240 file a bug with your `lspci -vn` output.
242 -1 -- Default behavior.
243 0-2 -- Use the specified codec.
244 spdif_aclink - S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
246 This module supports one card and autoprobe.
248 ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output. One is
249 over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output. The
250 implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
251 choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.
253 The power-management is supported.
255 Module snd-atiixp-modem
256 -----------------------
258 Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
260 This module supports one card and autoprobe.
262 Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
265 The power-management is supported.
267 Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
268 -----------------------------------------
270 Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
272 pcifix - Control PCI workarounds
273 0 = Disable all workarounds
274 1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff
275 2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
276 Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge
277 3 = Force both settings
278 255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
280 This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
281 EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
282 Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
283 http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
284 SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
285 "spdif" pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
286 The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and
289 Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate
290 control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
291 another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
296 Module for Audiowerk2 sound card
298 This module supports multiple cards.
303 Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
305 This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
307 The power-management is supported.
312 Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
314 joystick - Enable joystick (default off)
316 This module supports multiple cards.
321 Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
323 digital_rate - Override the default digital rate (Hz)
324 load_all - Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
326 This module supports multiple cards.
328 Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
334 Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
336 This module supports multiple cards.
342 Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
344 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
346 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
348 wssport - port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
349 wssirq - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
350 wssdma - first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
351 sbport - port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
352 sbirq - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
353 sbdma8 - 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
354 sbdma16 - 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
355 fmport - (optional) OPL3 I/O port
356 mpuport - (optional) MPU401 I/O port
357 mpuirq - (optional) MPU401 irq #
359 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
361 The power-management is supported.
366 Module for C-Media CMI8338/8738/8768/8770 PCI sound cards.
368 mpu_port - port address of MIDI interface (8338 only):
369 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
370 0 = disable (default)
371 fm_port - port address of OPL-3 FM synthesizer (8x38 only):
373 1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
375 soft_ac3 - Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only)
377 joystick_port - Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
379 This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
381 The power-management is supported.
386 Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
388 port - port # for CS4231 chip
389 mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
390 irq - IRQ # for CS4231 chip
391 mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
392 dma1 - first DMA # for CS4231 chip
393 dma2 - second DMA # for CS4231 chip
395 This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
396 thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
398 The power-management is supported.
403 Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A,
404 CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/
405 CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
407 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
409 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
411 port - port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
412 cport - control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
413 mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
414 fm_port - FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
415 irq - IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
416 mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
417 dma1 - first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
418 dma2 - second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
420 This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
421 (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
422 specified!!! Other ports are optional.
424 The power-management is supported.
426 This module is aliased as snd-cs4232 since it provides the old
427 snd-cs4232 functionality, too.
432 Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
434 dual_codec - Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
436 This module supports multiple cards.
438 The power-management is supported.
443 Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
444 CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
446 external_amp - Force to enable external amplifier.
447 thinkpad - Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
448 mmap_valid - Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
450 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
451 Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
452 from PCI sub vendor/device ids. If they don't work, give the options
455 The power-management is supported.
460 Module for Cyrix/NatSemi Geode 5530 chip.
462 Module snd-cs5535audio
463 ----------------------
465 Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device
467 The power-management is supported.
472 Module for Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi boards (20k1 / 20k2 chips)
473 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Champion Series
474 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Professional Series
475 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Professional Audio
476 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium
477 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro
478 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Platinum
479 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Fatal1ty
480 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeGamer
481 * Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeMusic
483 reference_rate - reference sample rate, 44100 or 48000 (default)
484 multiple - multiple to ref. sample rate, 1 or 2 (default)
485 subsystem - override the PCI SSID for probing; the value
486 consists of SSVID << 16 | SSDID. The default is
487 zero, which means no override.
489 This module supports multiple cards.
494 Module for Echoaudio Darla20
496 This module supports multiple cards.
497 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
502 Module for Echoaudio Darla24
504 This module supports multiple cards.
505 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
510 Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
513 This module supports multiple cards. This module is enabled only with
516 The power-management is supported.
521 Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
522 or input, but you may use this module for any application which
523 requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
525 pcm_devs - Number of PCM devices assigned to each card
526 (default = 1, up to 4)
527 pcm_substreams - Number of PCM substreams assigned to each PCM
528 (default = 8, up to 128)
529 hrtimer - Use hrtimer (=1, default) or system timer (=0)
530 fake_buffer - Fake buffer allocations (default = 1)
532 When multiple PCM devices are created, snd-dummy gives different
533 behavior to each PCM device:
534 0 = interleaved with mmap support
535 1 = non-interleaved with mmap support
536 2 = interleaved without mmap
537 3 = non-interleaved without mmap
539 As default, snd-dummy drivers doesn't allocate the real buffers
540 but either ignores read/write or mmap a single dummy page to all
541 buffer pages, in order to save the resouces. If your apps need
542 the read/ written buffer data to be consistent, pass fake_buffer=0
545 The power-management is supported.
550 Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)
552 This module supports multiple cards.
553 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
558 Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
559 * Sound Blaster Live!
560 * Sound Blaster PCI 512
561 * Emu APS (partially supported)
562 * Sound Blaster Audigy
564 extin - bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
565 extout - bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
566 seq_ports - allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
567 max_synth_voices - limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
568 max_buffer_size - specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers
569 given in MB unit. Default value is 128.
570 enable_ir - enable IR
572 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
574 Input & Output configurations [extin/extout]
575 * Creative Card wo/Digital out [0x0003/0x1f03]
576 * Creative Card w/Digital out [0x0003/0x1f0f]
577 * Creative Card w/Digital CD in [0x000f/0x1f0f]
578 * Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
579 * Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
580 * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive [0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
581 * Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
582 * Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
583 * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
584 * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fff]
585 * Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003 [0x3fc3/0x7cff]
586 * Creative Card all ins and outs [0x3fff/0x7fff]
588 The power-management is supported.
593 Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
595 This module supports multiple cards.
600 Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
601 * SoundBlaster PCI 64
602 * SoundBlaster PCI 128
604 joystick - Enable joystick (default off)
606 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
608 The power-management is supported.
613 Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
614 * SoundBlaster PCI 64
615 * SoundBlaster PCI 128
616 * SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
618 joystick_port - port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218),
619 0 = disable (default), 1 = auto-detect
621 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
623 The power-management is supported.
628 Module for sound cards based on ESS ES968 chip (PnP only).
630 This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
632 The power-management is supported.
637 Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
639 port - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
640 fm_port - port # for OPL3 (option; share the same port as default)
641 mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
642 irq - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
643 mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
644 dma8 - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
646 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
651 Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
653 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
655 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
657 port - port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
658 mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
659 fm_port - port # for FM (optional, not used)
660 irq - IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
661 dma1 - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
662 dma2 - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
664 This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
665 port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
666 When dma2 is equal with dma1, the driver works as half-duplex.
668 The power-management is supported.
673 Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
675 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
677 The power-management is supported.
682 Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
684 total_bufsize - total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
685 pcm_substreams_p - playback channels (1-8, default=2)
686 pcm_substreams_c - capture channels (1-8, default=0)
687 clock - clock (0 = auto-detection)
688 use_pm - support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on,
690 enable_mpu - enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
691 joystick - enable joystick (default off)
693 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
695 The power-management is supported.
700 Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
702 tea575x_tuner - Enable TEA575x tuner
703 - 1 = MediaForte 256-PCS
704 - 2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR
705 - 3 = MediaForte 64-PCR
706 - High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1
707 - example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
709 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
711 The power-management is supported.
716 Module for Echoaudio Gina20
718 This module supports multiple cards.
719 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
724 Module for Echoaudio Gina24
726 This module supports multiple cards.
727 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
729 Module snd-gusclassic
730 ---------------------
732 Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
734 port - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
735 irq - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
736 dma1 - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
737 dma2 - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
738 joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
739 voices - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
740 pcm_voices - reserved PCM voices
742 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
744 Module snd-gusextreme
745 ---------------------
747 Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
749 port - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
750 gf1_port - port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
751 mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
752 irq - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
753 gf1_irq - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
754 mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
755 dma8 - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
756 dma1 - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
757 joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
758 voices - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
759 pcm_voices - reserved PCM voices
761 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
766 Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
768 port - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
769 irq - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
770 dma1 - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
771 dma2 - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
772 joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
773 voices - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
774 pcm_voices - reserved PCM voices
776 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
781 Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10,
783 ATI SB450, SB600, R600, RS600, RS690, RS780, RV610, RV620,
784 RV630, RV635, RV670, RV770,
788 [Multiple options for each card instance]
789 model - force the model name
790 position_fix - Fix DMA pointer (0 = auto, 1 = use LPIB, 2 = POSBUF)
791 probe_mask - Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1, meaning all slots)
792 When the bit 8 (0x100) is set, the lower 8 bits are used
793 as the "fixed" codec slots; i.e. the driver probes the
794 slots regardless what hardware reports back
795 probe_only - Only probing and no codec initialization (default=off);
796 Useful to check the initial codec status for debugging
797 bdl_pos_adj - Specifies the DMA IRQ timing delay in samples.
798 Passing -1 will make the driver to choose the appropriate
799 value based on the controller chip.
800 patch - Specifies the early "patch" files to modify the HD-audio
801 setup before initializing the codecs. This option is
802 available only when CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y is set.
803 See HD-Audio.txt for details.
804 beep_mode - Selects the beep registration mode (0=off, 1=on, 2=
805 dynamic registration via mute switch on/off); the default
806 value is set via CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP_MODE kconfig.
808 [Single (global) options]
809 single_cmd - Use single immediate commands to communicate with
810 codecs (for debugging only)
811 enable_msi - Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
812 power_save - Automatic power-saving timeout (in second, 0 =
814 power_save_controller - Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode
817 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
819 See Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt for more details about
822 Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
823 If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
824 configuration is set up. You can pass "model=<name>" option to
825 specify a certain model in such a case. There are different
826 models depending on the codec chip. The list of available models
827 is found in HD-Audio-Models.txt
829 The model name "genric" is treated as a special case. When this
830 model is given, the driver uses the generic codec parser without
831 "codec-patch". It's sometimes good for testing and debugging.
833 If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
834 matches with your device, report it together with alsa-info.sh
835 output (with --no-upload option) to kernel bugzilla or alsa-devel
836 ML (see the section "Links and Addresses").
838 power_save and power_save_controller options are for power-saving
839 mode. See powersave.txt for details.
841 Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
842 position_fix=1 or 2. position_fix=1 will use the SD_LPIB
843 register value without FIFO size correction as the current
844 DMA pointer. position_fix=2 will make the driver to use
845 the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
846 (Usually SD_LPIB register is more accurate than the
849 NB: If you get many "azx_get_response timeout" messages at
850 loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
851 routing). Try to boot with options like "pci=noacpi". Also, you
852 can try "single_cmd=1" module option. This will switch the
853 communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
854 single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB. Basically, the
855 single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
856 unsolicited events, too. But, at least, this works independently
857 from the irq. Remember this is a last resort, and should be
858 avoided as much as possible...
860 MORE NOTES ON "azx_get_response timeout" PROBLEMS:
861 On some hardwares, you may need to add a proper probe_mask option
862 to avoid the "azx_get_response timeout" problem above, instead.
863 This occurs when the access to non-existing or non-working codec slot
864 (likely a modem one) causes a stall of the communication via HD-audio
865 bus. You can see which codec slots are probed by enabling
866 CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE, or simply from the file name of the codec
867 proc files. Then limit the slots to probe by probe_mask option.
868 For example, probe_mask=1 means to probe only the first slot, and
869 probe_mask=4 means only the third slot.
871 The power-management is supported.
876 Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
878 This module supports multiple cards.
880 Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
881 when CONFIG_FW_LOADER is set. Otherwise, you need to load
882 the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
884 The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
886 Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
887 module did formerly. It will allocate the buffers in advance
888 when any HDSP cards are found. To make the buffer
889 allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
890 stage of boot sequence. See "Early Buffer Allocation"
896 Module for RME HDSP MADI board.
898 precise_ptr - Enable precise pointer, or disable.
899 line_outs_monitor - Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
900 enable_monitor - Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.
902 See hdspm.txt for details.
907 Module for the MediaTek/TempoTec HiFier Fantasia sound card.
909 This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
914 Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
915 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
916 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
917 * MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
918 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
919 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
920 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
921 * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
927 * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
928 * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
929 * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
930 * Event Electronics, EZ8
932 * Lionstracs, Mediastaton
935 model - Use the given board model, one of the following:
936 delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
937 delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
938 dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
939 phase88, mediastation
940 omni - Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
941 cs8427_timeout - reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transceiver)
942 in msec resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
944 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe. Note: The consumer part
945 is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for example in the MidiMan Delta
948 Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
949 SSID (if EEPROM isn't available). You can override the
950 model by passing "model" module option in case that the
951 driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
957 Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
958 * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
959 * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
960 * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 192
962 * TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
963 * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
964 * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
967 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
968 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 LT
969 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 XT
970 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HIFI
971 * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HD2
972 * AudioTrak Prodigy 192
974 * Albatron K8X800 Pro II
984 * Hercules Fortissimo IV
985 * EGO-SYS WaveTerminal 192M
987 model - Use the given board model, one of the following:
988 revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
989 prodigy71xt, prodigy71hifi, prodigyhd2, prodigy192,
990 juli, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192, k8x800,
991 phase22, phase28, ms300, av710, se200pci, se90pci,
992 fortissimo4, sn25p, WT192M, maya44
994 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
996 Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
997 SSID (if EEPROM isn't available). You can override the
998 model by passing "model" module option in case that the
999 driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1005 Module for Echoaudio Indigo
1007 This module supports multiple cards.
1008 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1013 Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ
1015 This module supports multiple cards.
1016 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1021 Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO
1023 This module supports multiple cards.
1024 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1029 Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
1030 * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
1031 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, 6300ESB, ESB2
1032 * SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
1033 * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804
1035 * AMD AMD768, AMD8111
1038 ac97_clock - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1039 ac97_quirk - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
1040 See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
1041 buggy_irq - Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some
1042 motherboards (default yes on nForce chips,
1044 buggy_semaphore - Enable workaround for hardwares with buggy
1045 semaphores (e.g. on some ASUS laptops)
1047 spdif_aclink - Use S/PDIF over AC-link instead of direct connection
1048 from the controller chip
1049 (0 = off, 1 = on, -1 = default)
1051 This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1053 Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
1054 if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
1055 explicitly via the module option "ac97_clock=41194".
1057 Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver. If your
1058 motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
1059 modules, respectively.
1061 The power-management is supported.
1063 Module snd-intel8x0m
1064 --------------------
1066 Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
1067 * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
1069 * SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
1070 * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
1074 ac97_clock - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1076 This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1078 Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1081 The power-management is supported.
1083 Module snd-interwave
1084 --------------------
1086 Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
1087 and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
1089 joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1090 midi - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1091 pcm_voices - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1092 effect - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
1094 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1096 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1098 port - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1099 irq - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1100 dma1 - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1101 dma2 - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1103 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1105 Module snd-interwave-stb
1106 ------------------------
1108 Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
1109 and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
1110 circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
1112 joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1113 midi - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1114 pcm_voices - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1115 effect - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
1117 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1119 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1121 port - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1122 port_tc - tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
1123 irq - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1124 dma1 - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1125 dma2 - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1127 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1132 Module for Media Vision Jazz16 chipset. The chipset consists of 3 chips:
1133 MVD1216 + MVA416 + MVA514.
1135 port - port # for SB DSP chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1136 irq - IRQ # for SB DSP chip (3,5,7,9,10,15)
1137 dma8 - DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1138 dma16 - DMA # for SB DSP chip (5,7)
1139 mpu_port - MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1140 mpu_irq - MPU-401 irq # (2,3,5,7)
1142 This module supports multiple cards.
1147 Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
1149 This module supports multiple cards.
1154 Module for Echoaudio Layla20
1156 This module supports multiple cards.
1157 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1162 Module for Echoaudio Layla24
1164 This module supports multiple cards.
1165 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1170 Module for Digigram LX6464ES boards
1172 This module supports multiple cards.
1177 Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
1179 external_amp - enable external amp (enabled by default)
1180 amp_gpio - GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or
1181 -1 for default pin (8 for allegro, 1 for
1184 This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
1186 Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
1187 If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
1188 specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option.
1189 For example, a Panasonic notebook might need "amp_gpio=0x0d"
1192 The power-management is supported.
1197 Module for Echoaudio Mia
1199 This module supports multiple cards.
1200 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1205 Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro,
1207 miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.
1209 port - Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
1210 irq - IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
1211 dma1 - 1st dma # (0,1,3)
1212 dma2 - 2nd dma # (0,1)
1213 mpu_port - MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1214 mpu_irq - MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
1215 fm_port - FM Port # (0x388)
1216 wss - enable WSS mode
1217 ide - enable onboard ide support
1222 Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
1224 This module supports multiple cards.
1225 Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
1226 See MIXART.txt for details.
1228 When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1229 is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1230 Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1231 When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1232 firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
1237 Module for Echoaudio Mona
1239 This module supports multiple cards.
1240 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1245 Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
1247 port - port number or -1 (disable)
1248 irq - IRQ number or -1 (disable)
1249 pnp - PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1251 This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
1253 Module snd-msnd-classic
1254 -----------------------
1256 Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic, Tahiti or Monterey
1259 io - Port # for msnd-classic card
1260 irq - IRQ # for msnd-classic card
1261 mem - Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000,
1263 write_ndelay - enable write ndelay (default = 1)
1264 calibrate_signal - calibrate signal (default = 0)
1265 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1266 digital - Digital daughterboard present (default = 0)
1267 cfg - Config port (0x250, 0x260 or 0x270) default = PnP
1268 reset - Reset all devices
1269 mpu_io - MPU401 I/O port
1270 mpu_irq - MPU401 irq#
1271 ide_io0 - IDE port #0
1272 ide_io1 - IDE port #1
1274 joystick_io - Joystick I/O port
1276 The driver requires firmware files "turtlebeach/msndinit.bin" and
1277 "turtlebeach/msndperm.bin" in the proper firmware directory.
1279 See Documentation/sound/oss/MultiSound for important information
1280 about this driver. Note that it has been discontinued, but the
1281 Voyetra Turtle Beach knowledge base entry for it is still available
1283 http://www.turtlebeach.com/site/kb_ftp/790.asp
1285 Module snd-msnd-pinnacle
1286 ------------------------
1288 Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle/Fiji soundcards.
1290 io - Port # for pinnacle/fiji card
1291 irq - IRQ # for pinnalce/fiji card
1292 mem - Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000,
1294 write_ndelay - enable write ndelay (default = 1)
1295 calibrate_signal - calibrate signal (default = 0)
1296 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1298 The driver requires firmware files "turtlebeach/pndspini.bin" and
1299 "turtlebeach/pndsperm.bin" in the proper firmware directory.
1304 Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
1307 port - I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
1308 irq - IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
1309 hwports - number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
1311 Module supports only 1 card. This module has no enable option.
1316 Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140
1318 This module supports multiple devices.
1319 Requires parport (CONFIG_PARPORT).
1324 Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
1326 playback_bufsize - max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1327 capture_bufsize - max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1328 force_ac97 - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1329 buffer_top - specify buffer top address
1330 use_cache - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1331 vaio_hack - alias buffer_top=0x25a800
1332 reset_workaround - enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
1333 reset_workaround2 - enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some
1336 This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1338 The power-management is supported.
1340 Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
1341 automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
1342 In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicitly via
1343 the buffer_top option.
1345 Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
1346 Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
1347 The driver supports only ac97 codec. It's possible to force
1348 to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected. In such a
1349 case, use force_ac97=1 option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
1352 Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
1353 codecs. This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
1354 with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
1355 even though the device is detected in lspci. In such a case, try
1356 other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2. Some has ISA-PnP
1357 but some doesn't have ISA PnP. You'll need to specify isapnp=0
1358 and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
1360 Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET. For the
1361 known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
1362 workaround is enabled automatically. For other laptops with a
1363 hard freeze, you can try reset_workaround=1 option.
1365 Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
1366 AC97 RESET. On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
1367 turned on as default. This option is worth to try if the
1368 previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.
1370 Note: This driver is really crappy. It's a porting from the
1371 OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
1372 The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
1373 X-server as described above. You might be able to force to load
1374 the module, but it may result in hang-up. Hence, make sure that
1375 you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
1381 Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
1383 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1385 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1387 port - control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
1388 sb_port - SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
1389 wss_port - WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1390 midi_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1391 fm_port - FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
1392 irq - IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
1393 dma1 - first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
1394 dma2 - second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
1396 This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP. It does not support
1397 autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
1399 The power-management is supported.
1401 Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
1402 -------------------------
1404 Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
1405 Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
1407 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1409 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1411 port - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1412 mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1413 fm_port - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1414 irq - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1415 mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1416 dma1 - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1418 This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1420 Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
1421 -------------------------
1423 Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
1425 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1427 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1429 port - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1430 mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1431 fm_port - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1432 irq - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1433 mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1434 dma1 - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1435 dma2 - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1437 This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1442 Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
1444 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1446 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1448 port - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1449 mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1450 fm_port - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1451 irq - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1452 mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1453 dma1 - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1454 dma2 - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1456 This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1461 Module for sound cards based on the C-Media CMI8788 chip:
1463 * AuzenTech X-Meridian
1465 * Club3D Theatron DTS
1466 * HT-Omega Claro (plus)
1467 * HT-Omega Claro halo (XT)
1468 * Razer Barracuda AC-1
1471 This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
1476 Module for internal PC-Speaker.
1478 nopcm - Disable PC-Speaker PCM sound. Only beeps remain.
1479 nforce_wa - enable NForce chipset workaround. Expect bad sound.
1481 This module supports system beeps, some kind of PCM playback and
1482 even a few mixer controls.
1487 Module for Digigram PCXHR boards
1489 This module supports multiple cards.
1491 Module snd-portman2x4
1492 ---------------------
1494 Module for Midiman Portman 2x4 parallel port MIDI interface
1496 This module supports multiple cards.
1498 Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
1499 ---------------------------------
1501 Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
1503 enable_beep - enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
1505 Module supports autoprobe a chip.
1507 Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianess.
1509 The power-management is supported.
1511 Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
1512 ------------------------------------
1514 Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip
1516 For ARM architecture only.
1518 The power-management is supported.
1523 Module for Conexant Riptide chip
1525 joystick_port - Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
1526 mpu_port - MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
1527 opl3_port - OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)
1529 This module supports multiple cards.
1530 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1531 You need to install the firmware file "riptide.hex" to the standard
1532 firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).
1537 Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32,
1538 Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
1540 This module supports multiple cards.
1545 Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
1547 This module supports multiple cards.
1552 Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
1554 precise_ptr - Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably).
1557 This module supports multiple cards.
1559 Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1560 module did formerly. It will allocate the buffers in advance
1561 when any RME9652 cards are found. To make the buffer
1562 allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1563 stage of boot sequence. See "Early Buffer Allocation"
1566 Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
1567 ---------------------------------------
1569 Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
1571 Module supports only one card.
1572 Module has no enable and index options.
1574 The power-management is supported.
1579 Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0,
1583 port - port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1584 irq - IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
1585 dma8 - DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1587 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1589 The power-management is supported.
1591 Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
1592 -----------------------------
1594 Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
1595 SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP),
1596 SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
1598 mic_agc - Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1599 csp - ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1600 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1602 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1604 port - port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1605 mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1606 awe_port - base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660)
1607 (snd-sbawe module only)
1608 irq - IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
1609 dma8 - 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
1610 dma16 - 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
1612 This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1614 Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
1615 disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
1616 Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
1617 half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
1620 The power-management is supported.
1625 Module for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard and later models: SC-6600
1628 port - Port # (0x220 or 0x240)
1629 mss_port - MSS Port # (0x530 or 0xe80)
1630 irq - IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
1631 mpu_irq - MPU-401 IRQ # (5,7,9,10) ,0 - no MPU-401 irq
1633 joystick - Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1635 This module supports multiple cards.
1637 This card is also known as Audio Excel DSP 16 or Zoltrix AV302.
1642 Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy sound card.
1644 sbport - Port # for SB16 interface (0x220,0x240)
1645 wssport - Port # for WSS interface (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1646 irq - IRQ # (7,9,10,11)
1649 This module supports multiple cards.
1651 The power-management is supported.
1656 Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape cards.
1658 port - Port # (PnP setup)
1659 wss_port - WSS Port # (PnP setup)
1660 irq - IRQ # (PnP setup)
1661 mpu_irq - MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
1662 dma - DMA # (PnP setup)
1663 dma2 - 2nd DMA # (PnP setup, -1 to disable)
1664 joystick - Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1666 This module supports multiple cards.
1668 The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1670 Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
1671 --------------------------------------
1673 Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
1675 This module supports multiple cards.
1677 Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
1678 -------------------------------------
1680 Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
1682 This module supports multiple cards.
1684 Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
1685 -----------------------------------
1687 Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.
1689 This module supports multiple cards.
1691 Module snd-wavefront
1692 --------------------
1694 Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
1696 use_cs4232_midi - Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
1697 (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
1698 isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1700 with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1702 cs4232_pcm_port - Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1703 cs4232_pcm_irq - IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
1704 cs4232_mpu_port - Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
1705 cs4232_mpu_irq - IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
1706 ics2115_port - Port # for ICS2115
1707 ics2115_irq - IRQ # for ICS2115
1708 fm_port - FM OPL-3 Port #
1709 dma1 - DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1710 dma2 - DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1712 The below are options for wavefront_synth features:
1713 wf_raw - Assume that we need to boot the OS (default:no)
1714 If yes, then during driver loading, the state of the board is
1715 ignored, and we reset the board and load the firmware anyway.
1716 fx_raw - Assume that the FX process needs help (default:yes)
1717 If false, we'll leave the FX processor in whatever state it is
1718 when the driver is loaded. The default is to download the
1719 microprogram and associated coefficients to set it up for
1720 "default" operation, whatever that means.
1721 debug_default - Debug parameters for card initialization
1722 wait_usecs - How long to wait without sleeping, usecs
1724 This magic number seems to give pretty optimal throughput
1725 based on my limited experimentation.
1726 If you want to play around with it and find a better value, be
1727 my guest. Remember, the idea is to get a number that causes us
1728 to just busy wait for as many WaveFront commands as possible,
1729 without coming up with a number so large that we hog the whole
1731 Specifically, with this number, out of about 134,000 status
1732 waits, only about 250 result in a sleep.
1733 sleep_interval - How long to sleep when waiting for reply
1735 sleep_tries - How many times to try sleeping during a wait
1737 ospath - Pathname to processed ICS2115 OS firmware
1738 (default:wavefront.os)
1739 The path name of the ISC2115 OS firmware. In the recent
1740 version, it's handled via firmware loader framework, so it
1741 must be installed in the proper path, typically,
1743 reset_time - How long to wait for a reset to take effect
1745 ramcheck_time - How many seconds to wait for the RAM test
1747 osrun_time - How many seconds to wait for the ICS2115 OS
1750 This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.
1752 Note: the firmware file "wavefront.os" was located in the earlier
1753 version in /etc. Now it's loaded via firmware loader, and
1754 must be in the proper firmware path, such as /lib/firmware.
1755 Copy (or symlink) the file appropriately if you get an error
1756 regarding firmware downloading after upgrading the kernel.
1758 Module snd-sonicvibes
1759 ---------------------
1761 Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
1762 * PINE Schubert 32 PCI
1764 reverb - Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
1765 - SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
1766 mge - Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
1768 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1770 Module snd-serial-u16550
1771 ------------------------
1773 Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
1775 port - port # for UART16550A chip
1776 irq - IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
1777 speed - speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
1779 base - base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
1781 outs - number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
1783 adaptor - Type of adaptor.
1784 0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
1785 3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
1787 This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
1788 thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
1793 Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
1794 * Best Union Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
1796 * Warpspeed ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
1799 * CHIC True Sound 4Dwave
1800 * Shark Predator4D-PCI
1801 * Jaton SonicWave 4D
1802 * SiS SI7018 PCI Audio
1803 * Hoontech SoundTrack Digital 4DWave NX
1805 pcm_channels - max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
1806 wavetable_size - max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
1808 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1810 The power-management is supported.
1815 Module for the Edirol UA-101/UA-1000 audio/MIDI interfaces.
1817 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1819 Module snd-usb-audio
1820 --------------------
1822 Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
1824 vid - Vendor ID for the device (optional)
1825 pid - Product ID for the device (optional)
1826 nrpacks - Max. number of packets per URB (default: 8)
1827 async_unlink - Use async unlink mode (default: yes)
1828 device_setup - Device specific magic number (optional)
1829 - Influence depends on the device
1831 ignore_ctl_error - Ignore any USB-controller regarding mixer
1832 interface (default: no)
1834 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1836 NB: nrpacks parameter can be modified dynamically via sysfs.
1837 Don't put the value over 20. Changing via sysfs has no sanity
1839 NB: async_unlink=0 would cause Oops. It remains just for
1840 debugging purpose (if any).
1841 NB: ignore_ctl_error=1 may help when you get an error at accessing
1842 the mixer element such as URB error -22. This happens on some
1843 buggy USB device or the controller.
1845 Module snd-usb-caiaq
1846 --------------------
1848 Module for caiaq UB audio interfaces,
1849 * Native Instruments RigKontrol2
1850 * Native Instruments Kore Controller
1851 * Native Instruments Audio Kontrol 1
1852 * Native Instruments Audio 8 DJ
1854 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1856 Module snd-usb-usx2y
1857 --------------------
1859 Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
1861 This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1863 Note: you need to load the firmware via usx2yloader utility included
1864 in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
1869 Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233,
1870 8233A, 8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.
1872 mpu_port - 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
1874 joystick - Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
1875 ac97_clock - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
1876 dxs_support - support DXS channels,
1877 0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
1878 3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample
1879 rate and different sample rates on different
1881 [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
1882 ac97_quirk - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
1883 See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
1885 This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1887 Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
1888 not be generated properly. In such a case, please try to
1889 set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
1890 default value 1.4. Then the interrupt number will be
1891 assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
1893 Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
1894 channels as the first PCM. On these channels, up to 4
1895 streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
1896 can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
1898 As default (dxs_support = 0), 48k fixed rate is chosen
1899 except for the known devices since the output is often
1900 noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
1902 Please try once dxs_support=5 and if it works on other
1903 sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
1904 know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
1906 If dxs_support=5 does not work, try dxs_support=4; if it
1907 doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1. (dxs_support=1 is
1908 usually for old motherboards. The correct implemented
1909 board should work with 4 or 5.) If it still doesn't
1910 work and the default setting is ok, dxs_support=3 is the
1911 right choice. If the default setting doesn't work at all,
1912 try dxs_support=2 to disable the DXS channels.
1913 In any cases, please let us know the result and the
1914 subsystem vendor/device ids. See "Links and Addresses"
1917 Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
1918 additionally. The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
1920 The power-management is supported.
1922 Module snd-via82xx-modem
1923 ------------------------
1925 Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
1927 ac97_clock - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
1929 This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1931 Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1934 The power-management is supported.
1939 Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
1940 This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
1941 to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
1943 midi_devs - MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
1945 This module supports multiple cards.
1950 Module for sound cards based on the Asus AV100/AV200 chips,
1951 i.e., Xonar D1, DX, D2, D2X, DS, HDAV1.3 (Deluxe), Essence ST
1952 (Deluxe) and Essence STX.
1954 This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
1959 Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
1961 mic - Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
1962 ibl - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
1964 This module supports multiple cards.
1966 When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1967 is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1968 Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1969 When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1970 firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package. To invoke
1971 vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.conf
1973 install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222 && /usr/bin/vxloader
1975 (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add "post-install /usr/bin/vxloader" to
1976 /etc/modules.conf, instead.)
1977 IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM. The smaller size
1978 gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
1979 The size is usually aligned to 126. As default (=0), the smallest
1980 size is chosen. The possible IBL values can be found in
1981 /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
1983 The power-management is supported.
1988 Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.
1990 ibl - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
1992 This module supports multiple cards. The module is compiled only when
1993 PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
1995 With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
1996 manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf. See the
1997 sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c. 2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
1998 longer require a config file.
2000 When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
2001 is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
2002 Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
2003 When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
2004 firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
2006 About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
2008 Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
2011 The power-management is supported.
2016 Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
2018 mpu_port - 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
2019 1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
2020 fm_port - 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
2021 1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
2022 joystick_port - 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
2024 rear_switch - enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
2026 This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
2028 The power-management is supported.
2030 Module snd-pdaudiocf
2031 --------------------
2033 Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
2035 The power-management is supported.
2041 The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
2042 specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
2043 snd-intel8x0. Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
2044 and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
2045 specifications from version to version :-)
2047 The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
2048 but some might be unknown or wrongly detected. In such a case, pass
2049 the proper value with this option.
2051 The following strings are accepted:
2052 - default Don't override the default setting
2053 - none Disable the quirk
2054 - hp_only Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
2055 - swap_hp Swap headphone and master controls
2056 - swap_surround Swap master and surround controls
2057 - ad_sharing For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
2058 - alc_jack For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
2059 - inv_eapd Inverted EAPD implementation
2060 - mute_led Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
2062 For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0,
2063 ... are accepted, too.
2065 For example, if "Master" volume control has no effect on your device
2066 but only "Headphone" does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.
2069 Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
2070 ============================
2072 When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
2073 supporting the isapnp cards will have module options "isapnp".
2074 If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
2075 For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass "isapnp=0" option
2076 together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
2078 When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
2079 will be not built in.
2082 Module Autoloading Support
2083 ==========================
2085 The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
2086 module aliases. The string 'snd-card-%1' is requested for ALSA native
2087 devices where %i is sound card number from zero to seven.
2089 To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
2090 'sound-slot-%i' where %i means the slot number for OSS, which
2091 corresponds to the card index of ALSA. Usually, define this
2092 as the same card module.
2094 An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
2095 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2096 alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
2097 alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
2098 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2100 The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
2101 option "cards_limit" of snd module. As default it's set to 1.
2102 To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
2103 sound cards in that option.
2105 When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
2106 number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
2107 cards is kept consistent.
2109 An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
2111 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2113 options snd cards_limit=2
2114 alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
2115 alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
2116 options snd-interwave index=0
2117 options snd-ens1371 index=1
2119 alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
2120 alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
2121 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2123 In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
2124 (index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
2126 Alternative (and new) way to fixate the slot assignment is to use
2127 "slots" option of snd module. In the case above, specify like the
2130 options snd slots=snd-interwave,snd-ens1371
2132 Then, the first slot (#0) is reserved for snd-interwave driver, and
2133 the second (#1) for snd-ens1371. You can omit index option in each
2134 driver if slots option is used (although you can still have them at
2135 the same time as long as they don't conflict).
2137 The slots option is especially useful for avoiding the possible
2138 hot-plugging and the resultant slot conflict. For example, in the
2139 case above again, the first two slots are already reserved. If any
2140 other driver (e.g. snd-usb-audio) is loaded before snd-interwave or
2141 snd-ens1371, it will be assigned to the third or later slot.
2143 When a module name is given with '!', the slot will be given for any
2144 modules but that name. For example, "slots=!snd-pcsp" will reserve
2145 the first slot for any modules but snd-pcsp.
2148 ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
2149 =======================================
2151 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
2152 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp) -> minor 3
2153 /dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp) -> minor 12
2154 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio1 -> minor 4+16 = 20
2155 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp1 -> minor 3+16 = 19
2156 /dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp1 -> minor 12+16 = 28
2157 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio2 -> minor 4+32 = 36
2158 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp2 -> minor 3+32 = 39
2159 /dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp2 -> minor 12+32 = 44
2161 The first number from /dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p] expression means
2162 sound card number and second means device number. The ALSA devices
2163 have either 'c' or 'p' suffix indicating the direction, capture and
2164 playback, respectively.
2166 Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
2167 options of snd-pcm-oss module.
2170 Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
2171 ==============================
2173 /proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
2174 -------------------------------
2175 String "erase" - erase all additional informations about OSS applications
2176 String "<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]"
2178 <app_name> - name of application with (higher priority) or without path
2179 <fragments> - number of fragments or zero if auto
2180 <fragment_size> - size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
2181 <options> - optional parameters
2182 - disable the application tries to open a pcm device for
2183 this channel but does not want to use it.
2184 (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
2185 It's good for Quake etc...
2186 - direct don't use plugins
2187 - block force block mode (rvplayer)
2188 - non-block force non-block mode
2189 - whole-frag write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
2191 - no-silence do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
2192 - buggy-ptr Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
2193 instead of filled blocks
2195 Example: echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2196 echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
2197 echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2200 Early Buffer Allocation
2201 =======================
2203 Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
2204 sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
2205 actually loaded due to memory fragmentation. You can pre-allocate the
2206 PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
2207 proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
2208 /etc/init.d/*.local scripts.
2210 Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
2211 usage of page allocation. In writing, you can send the following
2212 commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:
2214 - add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS
2216 VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs. They take
2217 integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
2218 MASK is the PCI DMA mask. Pass 0 if not restricted.
2219 SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate. You can pass
2220 k and m suffix for KB and MB. The max number is 16MB.
2221 BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate. It must be greater
2222 than 0. The max number is 4.
2226 This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
2233 ALSA project homepage
2234 http://www.alsa-project.org
2237 http://bugzilla.kernel.org/
2240 mailto:alsa-devel@alsa-project.org
2243 http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh
git.openpandora.org / pandora-kernel.git / blob