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<book id="Z85230Guide">
 <bookinfo>
  <title>Z8530 Programming Guide</title>
  
  <authorgroup>
   <author>
    <firstname>Alan</firstname>
    <surname>Cox</surname>
    <affiliation>
     <address>
      <email>alan@redhat.com</email>
     </address>
    </affiliation>
   </author>
  </authorgroup>

  <copyright>
   <year>2000</year>
   <holder>Alan Cox</holder>
  </copyright>

  <legalnotice>
   <para>
     This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
     it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
     License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
     version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
     version.
   </para>
      
   <para>
     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
     useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
     warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
     See the GNU General Public License for more details.
   </para>
      
   <para>
     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
     License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
     Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
     MA 02111-1307 USA
   </para>
      
   <para>
     For more details see the file COPYING in the source
     distribution of Linux.
   </para>
  </legalnotice>
 </bookinfo>

<toc></toc>

  <chapter id="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
  <para>
        The Z85x30 family synchronous/asynchronous controller chips are
        used on a large number of cheap network interface cards. The
        kernel provides a core interface layer that is designed to make
        it easy to provide WAN services using this chip.
  </para>
  <para>
        The current driver only support synchronous operation. Merging the
        asynchronous driver support into this code to allow any Z85x30
        device to be used as both a tty interface and as a synchronous 
        controller is a project for Linux post the 2.4 release
  </para>
  <para>
        The support code handles most common card configurations and
        supports running both Cisco HDLC and Synchronous PPP. With extra
        glue the frame relay and X.25 protocols can also be used with this
        driver.
  </para>
  </chapter>
  
  <chapter>
        <title>Driver Modes</title>
  <para>
        The Z85230 driver layer can drive Z8530, Z85C30 and Z85230 devices
        in three different modes. Each mode can be applied to an individual
        channel on the chip (each chip has two channels).
  </para>
  <para>
        The PIO synchronous mode supports the most common Z8530 wiring. Here
        the chip is interface to the I/O and interrupt facilities of the
        host machine but not to the DMA subsystem. When running PIO the
        Z8530 has extremely tight timing requirements. Doing high speeds,
        even with a Z85230 will be tricky. Typically you should expect to
        achieve at best 9600 baud with a Z8C530 and 64Kbits with a Z85230.
  </para>
  <para>
        The DMA mode supports the chip when it is configured to use dual DMA
        channels on an ISA bus. The better cards tend to support this mode
        of operation for a single channel. With DMA running the Z85230 tops
        out when it starts to hit ISA DMA constraints at about 512Kbits. It
        is worth noting here that many PC machines hang or crash when the
        chip is driven fast enough to hold the ISA bus solid.
  </para>
  <para>
        Transmit DMA mode uses a single DMA channel. The DMA channel is used
        for transmission as the transmit FIFO is smaller than the receive
        FIFO. it gives better performance than pure PIO mode but is nowhere
        near as ideal as pure DMA mode. 
  </para>
  </chapter>

  <chapter>
        <title>Using the Z85230 driver</title>
  <para>
        The Z85230 driver provides the back end interface to your board. To
        configure a Z8530 interface you need to detect the board and to 
        identify its ports and interrupt resources. It is also your problem
        to verify the resources are available.
  </para>
  <para>
        Having identified the chip you need to fill in a struct z8530_dev,
        which describes each chip. This object must exist until you finally
        shutdown the board. Firstly zero the active field. This ensures 
        nothing goes off without you intending it. The irq field should
        be set to the interrupt number of the chip. (Each chip has a single
        interrupt source rather than each channel). You are responsible
        for allocating the interrupt line. The interrupt handler should be
        set to <function>z8530_interrupt</function>. The device id should
        be set to the z8530_dev structure pointer. Whether the interrupt can
        be shared or not is board dependent, and up to you to initialise.
  </para>
  <para>
        The structure holds two channel structures. 
        Initialise chanA.ctrlio and chanA.dataio with the address of the
        control and data ports. You can or this with Z8530_PORT_SLEEP to
        indicate your interface needs the 5uS delay for chip settling done
        in software. The PORT_SLEEP option is architecture specific. Other
        flags may become available on future platforms, eg for MMIO.
        Initialise the chanA.irqs to &amp;z8530_nop to start the chip up
        as disabled and discarding interrupt events. This ensures that
        stray interrupts will be mopped up and not hang the bus. Set
        chanA.dev to point to the device structure itself. The
        private and name field you may use as you wish. The private field
        is unused by the Z85230 layer. The name is used for error reporting
        and it may thus make sense to make it match the network name.
  </para>
  <para>
        Repeat the same operation with the B channel if your chip has
        both channels wired to something useful. This isn't always the
        case. If it is not wired then the I/O values do not matter, but
        you must initialise chanB.dev.
  </para>
  <para>
        If your board has DMA facilities then initialise the txdma and
        rxdma fields for the relevant channels. You must also allocate the
        ISA DMA channels and do any necessary board level initialisation
        to configure them. The low level driver will do the Z8530 and
        DMA controller programming but not board specific magic.
  </para>
  <para>
        Having initialised the device you can then call
        <function>z8530_init</function>. This will probe the chip and 
        reset it into a known state. An identification sequence is then
        run to identify the chip type. If the checks fail to pass the
        function returns a non zero error code. Typically this indicates
        that the port given is not valid. After this call the
        type field of the z8530_dev structure is initialised to either
        Z8530, Z85C30 or Z85230 according to the chip found.
  </para>
  <para>
        Once you have called z8530_init you can also make use of the utility
        function <function>z8530_describe</function>. This provides a 
        consistent reporting format for the Z8530 devices, and allows all
        the drivers to provide consistent reporting.
  </para>
  </chapter>

  <chapter>
        <title>Attaching Network Interfaces</title>
  <para>
        If you wish to use the network interface facilities of the driver,
        then you need to attach a network device to each channel that is
        present and in use. In addition to use the SyncPPP and Cisco HDLC
        you need to follow some additional plumbing rules. They may seem 
        complex but a look at the example hostess_sv11 driver should
        reassure you.
  </para>
  <para>
        The network device used for each channel should be pointed to by
        the netdevice field of each channel. The dev-&gt; priv field of the
        network device points to your private data - you will need to be
        able to find your ppp device from this. In addition to use the
        sync ppp layer the private data must start with a void * pointer
        to the syncppp structures.
  </para>
  <para>
        The way most drivers approach this particular problem is to
        create a structure holding the Z8530 device definition and
        put that and the syncppp pointer into the private field of
        the network device. The network device fields of the channels
        then point back to the network devices. The ppp_device can also
        be put in the private structure conveniently.
  </para>
  <para>
        If you wish to use the synchronous ppp then you need to attach
        the syncppp layer to the network device. You should do this before
        you register the network device. The
        <function>sppp_attach</function> requires that the first void *
        pointer in your private data is pointing to an empty struct
        ppp_device. The function fills in the initial data for the
        ppp/hdlc layer.
  </para>
  <para>
        Before you register your network device you will also need to
        provide suitable handlers for most of the network device callbacks. 
        See the network device documentation for more details on this.
  </para>
  </chapter>

  <chapter>
        <title>Configuring And Activating The Port</title>
  <para>
        The Z85230 driver provides helper functions and tables to load the
        port registers on the Z8530 chips. When programming the register
        settings for a channel be aware that the documentation recommends
        initialisation orders. Strange things happen when these are not
        followed. 
  </para>
  <para>
        <function>z8530_channel_load</function> takes an array of
        pairs of initialisation values in an array of u8 type. The first
        value is the Z8530 register number. Add 16 to indicate the alternate
        register bank on the later chips. The array is terminated by a 255.
  </para>
  <para>
        The driver provides a pair of public tables. The
        z8530_hdlc_kilostream table is for the UK 'Kilostream' service and
        also happens to cover most other end host configurations. The
        z8530_hdlc_kilostream_85230 table is the same configuration using
        the enhancements of the 85230 chip. The configuration loaded is
        standard NRZ encoded synchronous data with HDLC bitstuffing. All
        of the timing is taken from the other end of the link.
  </para>
  <para>
        When writing your own tables be aware that the driver internally
        tracks register values. It may need to reload values. You should
        therefore be sure to set registers 1-7, 9-11, 14 and 15 in all
        configurations. Where the register settings depend on DMA selection
        the driver will update the bits itself when you open or close.
        Loading a new table with the interface open is not recommended.
  </para>
  <para>
        There are three standard configurations supported by the core
        code. In PIO mode the interface is programmed up to use
        interrupt driven PIO. This places high demands on the host processor
        to avoid latency. The driver is written to take account of latency
        issues but it cannot avoid latencies caused by other drivers,
        notably IDE in PIO mode. Because the drivers allocate buffers you
        must also prevent MTU changes while the port is open.
  </para>
  <para>
        Once the port is open it will call the rx_function of each channel
        whenever a completed packet arrived. This is invoked from
        interrupt context and passes you the channel and a network      
        buffer (struct sk_buff) holding the data. The data includes
        the CRC bytes so most users will want to trim the last two
        bytes before processing the data. This function is very timing
        critical. When you wish to simply discard data the support
        code provides the function <function>z8530_null_rx</function>
        to discard the data.
  </para>
  <para>
        To active PIO mode sending and receiving the <function>
        z8530_sync_open</function> is called. This expects to be passed
        the network device and the channel. Typically this is called from
        your network device open callback. On a failure a non zero error
        status is returned. The <function>z8530_sync_close</function> 
        function shuts down a PIO channel. This must be done before the 
        channel is opened again and before the driver shuts down 
        and unloads.
  </para>
  <para>
        The ideal mode of operation is dual channel DMA mode. Here the
        kernel driver will configure the board for DMA in both directions.
        The driver also handles ISA DMA issues such as controller
        programming and the memory range limit for you. This mode is
        activated by calling the <function>z8530_sync_dma_open</function>
        function. On failure a non zero error value is returned.
        Once this mode is activated it can be shut down by calling the
        <function>z8530_sync_dma_close</function>. You must call the close
        function matching the open mode you used.
  </para>
  <para>
        The final supported mode uses a single DMA channel to drive the
        transmit side. As the Z85C30 has a larger FIFO on the receive
        channel this tends to increase the maximum speed a little. 
        This is activated by calling the <function>z8530_sync_txdma_open
        </function>. This returns a non zero error code on failure. The
        <function>z8530_sync_txdma_close</function> function closes down
        the Z8530 interface from this mode.
  </para>
  </chapter>

  <chapter>
        <title>Network Layer Functions</title>
  <para>
        The Z8530 layer provides functions to queue packets for
        transmission. The driver internally buffers the frame currently
        being transmitted and one further frame (in order to keep back
        to back transmission running). Any further buffering is up to
        the caller.
  </para>
  <para>
        The function <function>z8530_queue_xmit</function> takes a network
        buffer in sk_buff format and queues it for transmission. The
        caller must provide the entire packet with the exception of the
        bitstuffing and CRC. This is normally done by the caller via
        the syncppp interface layer. It returns 0 if the buffer has been 
        queued and non zero values  for queue full. If the function accepts 
        the buffer it becomes property of the Z8530 layer and the caller 
        should not free it. 
  </para>
  <para>
        The function <function>z8530_get_stats</function> returns a pointer
        to an internally maintained per interface statistics block. This
        provides most of the interface code needed to implement the network
        layer get_stats callback.
  </para>
  </chapter>

  <chapter>
     <title>Porting The Z8530 Driver</title>
  <para>
        The Z8530 driver is written to be portable. In DMA mode it makes
        assumptions about the use of ISA DMA. These are probably warranted
        in most cases as the Z85230 in particular was designed to glue to PC
        type machines. The PIO mode makes no real assumptions.
  </para>
  <para>
        Should you need to retarget the Z8530 driver to another architecture
        the only code that should need changing are the port I/O functions.
        At the moment these assume PC I/O port accesses. This may not be
        appropriate for all platforms. Replacing 
        <function>z8530_read_port</function> and <function>z8530_write_port
        </function> is intended to be all that is required to port this
        driver layer.
  </para>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="bugs">
     <title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
  <para>
  <variablelist>
    <varlistentry><term>Interrupt Locking</term>
    <listitem>
    <para>
        The locking in the driver is done via the global cli/sti lock. This
        makes for relatively poor SMP performance. Switching this to use a
        per device spin lock would probably materially improve performance.
    </para>
    </listitem></varlistentry>

    <varlistentry><term>Occasional Failures</term>
    <listitem>
    <para>
        We have reports of occasional failures when run for very long
        periods of time and the driver starts to receive junk frames. At
        the moment the cause of this is not clear.
    </para>
    </listitem></varlistentry>
  </variablelist>
        
  </para>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="pubfunctions">
     <title>Public Functions Provided</title>
!Edrivers/net/wan/z85230.c
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="intfunctions">
     <title>Internal Functions</title>
!Idrivers/net/wan/z85230.c
  </chapter>

</book>