Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
   3         "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
   4
   5 <book id="LinuxKernelAPI">
   6  <bookinfo>
   7   <title>The Linux Kernel API</title>
   8
   9   <legalnotice>
  10    <para>
  11      This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
  12      it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
  13      License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  14      version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
  15      version.
  16    </para>
  17
  18    <para>
  19      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
  20      useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
  21      warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  22      See the GNU General Public License for more details.
  23    </para>
  24
  25    <para>
  26      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
  27      License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
  28      Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
  29      MA 02111-1307 USA
  30    </para>
  31
  32    <para>
  33      For more details see the file COPYING in the source
  34      distribution of Linux.
  35    </para>
  36   </legalnotice>
  37  </bookinfo>
  38
  39 <toc></toc>
  40
  41   <chapter id="Basics">
  42      <title>Driver Basics</title>
  43      <sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title>
  44 !Iinclude/linux/init.h
  45      </sect1>
  46
  47      <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title>
  48 !Iinclude/asm-i386/atomic.h
  49 !Iinclude/asm-i386/unaligned.h
  50      </sect1>
  51
  52      <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title>
  53 !Iinclude/linux/sched.h
  54 !Ekernel/sched.c
  55 !Ekernel/timer.c
  56      </sect1>
  57      <sect1><title>High-resolution timers</title>
  58 !Iinclude/linux/ktime.h
  59 !Iinclude/linux/hrtimer.h
  60 !Ekernel/hrtimer.c
  61      </sect1>
  62      <sect1><title>Workqueues and Kevents</title>
  63 !Ekernel/workqueue.c
  64      </sect1>
  65      <sect1><title>Internal Functions</title>
  66 !Ikernel/exit.c
  67 !Ikernel/signal.c
  68 !Iinclude/linux/kthread.h
  69 !Ekernel/kthread.c
  70      </sect1>
  71
  72      <sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title>
  73 <!--
  74 X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h
  75 -->
  76 !Elib/kobject.c
  77      </sect1>
  78
  79      <sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title>
  80 !Iinclude/linux/kernel.h
  81 !Ekernel/printk.c
  82 !Ekernel/panic.c
  83 !Ekernel/sys.c
  84 !Ekernel/rcupdate.c
  85      </sect1>
  86
  87   </chapter>
  88
  89   <chapter id="adt">
  90      <title>Data Types</title>
  91      <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title>
  92 !Iinclude/linux/list.h
  93      </sect1>
  94   </chapter>
  95
  96   <chapter id="libc">
  97      <title>Basic C Library Functions</title>
  98
  99      <para>
 100        When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are
 101        from the C Library.  Some of the functions have been found generally
 102        useful and they are listed below.  The behaviour of these functions
 103        may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations
 104        are noted in the text.
 105      </para>
 106
 107      <sect1><title>String Conversions</title>
 108 !Ilib/vsprintf.c
 109 !Elib/vsprintf.c
 110      </sect1>
 111      <sect1><title>String Manipulation</title>
 112 <!-- All functions are exported at now
 113 X!Ilib/string.c
 114  -->
 115 !Elib/string.c
 116      </sect1>
 117      <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title>
 118 !Iinclude/asm-i386/bitops.h
 119      </sect1>
 120   </chapter>
 121
 122   <chapter id="kernel-lib">
 123      <title>Basic Kernel Library Functions</title>
 124
 125      <para>
 126        The Linux kernel provides more basic utility functions.
 127      </para>
 128
 129      <sect1><title>Bitmap Operations</title>
 130 !Elib/bitmap.c
 131 !Ilib/bitmap.c
 132      </sect1>
 133
 134      <sect1><title>Command-line Parsing</title>
 135 !Elib/cmdline.c
 136      </sect1>
 137
 138      <sect1><title>CRC Functions</title>
 139 !Elib/crc16.c
 140 !Elib/crc32.c
 141 !Elib/crc-ccitt.c
 142      </sect1>
 143   </chapter>
 144
 145   <chapter id="mm">
 146      <title>Memory Management in Linux</title>
 147      <sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title>
 148 !Iinclude/linux/slab.h
 149 !Emm/slab.c
 150      </sect1>
 151      <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title>
 152 !Iinclude/asm-i386/uaccess.h
 153 !Earch/i386/lib/usercopy.c
 154      </sect1>
 155      <sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title>
 156 !Iinclude/linux/rmap.h
 157 !Emm/readahead.c
 158 !Emm/filemap.c
 159 !Emm/memory.c
 160 !Emm/vmalloc.c
 161 !Imm/page_alloc.c
 162 !Emm/mempool.c
 163 !Emm/page-writeback.c
 164 !Emm/truncate.c
 165      </sect1>
 166   </chapter>
 167
 168
 169   <chapter id="ipc">
 170      <title>Kernel IPC facilities</title>
 171
 172      <sect1><title>IPC utilities</title>
 173 !Iipc/util.c
 174      </sect1>
 175   </chapter>
 176
 177   <chapter id="kfifo">
 178      <title>FIFO Buffer</title>
 179      <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title>
 180 !Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h
 181 !Ekernel/kfifo.c
 182      </sect1>
 183   </chapter>
 184
 185   <chapter id="vfs">
 186      <title>The Linux VFS</title>
 187      <sect1><title>The Filesystem types</title>
 188 !Iinclude/linux/fs.h
 189      </sect1>
 190      <sect1><title>The Directory Cache</title>
 191 !Efs/dcache.c
 192 !Iinclude/linux/dcache.h
 193      </sect1>
 194      <sect1><title>Inode Handling</title>
 195 !Efs/inode.c
 196 !Efs/bad_inode.c
 197      </sect1>
 198      <sect1><title>Registration and Superblocks</title>
 199 !Efs/super.c
 200      </sect1>
 201      <sect1><title>File Locks</title>
 202 !Efs/locks.c
 203 !Ifs/locks.c
 204      </sect1>
 205      <sect1><title>Other Functions</title>
 206 !Efs/mpage.c
 207 !Efs/namei.c
 208 !Efs/buffer.c
 209 !Efs/bio.c
 210 !Efs/seq_file.c
 211 !Efs/filesystems.c
 212 !Efs/fs-writeback.c
 213 !Efs/block_dev.c
 214      </sect1>
 215   </chapter>
 216
 217   <chapter id="proc">
 218      <title>The proc filesystem</title>
 219
 220      <sect1><title>sysctl interface</title>
 221 !Ekernel/sysctl.c
 222      </sect1>
 223
 224      <sect1><title>proc filesystem interface</title>
 225 !Ifs/proc/base.c
 226      </sect1>
 227   </chapter>
 228
 229   <chapter id="sysfs">
 230      <title>The Filesystem for Exporting Kernel Objects</title>
 231 !Efs/sysfs/file.c
 232 !Efs/sysfs/symlink.c
 233 !Efs/sysfs/bin.c
 234   </chapter>
 235
 236   <chapter id="debugfs">
 237      <title>The debugfs filesystem</title>
 238
 239      <sect1><title>debugfs interface</title>
 240 !Efs/debugfs/inode.c
 241 !Efs/debugfs/file.c
 242      </sect1>
 243   </chapter>
 244
 245   <chapter id="relayfs">
 246      <title>relay interface support</title>
 247
 248      <para>
 249         Relay interface support
 250         is designed to provide an efficient mechanism for tools and
 251         facilities to relay large amounts of data from kernel space to
 252         user space.
 253      </para>
 254
 255      <sect1><title>relay interface</title>
 256 !Ekernel/relay.c
 257 !Ikernel/relay.c
 258      </sect1>
 259   </chapter>
 260
 261   <chapter id="netcore">
 262      <title>Linux Networking</title>
 263      <sect1><title>Networking Base Types</title>
 264 !Iinclude/linux/net.h
 265      </sect1>
 266      <sect1><title>Socket Buffer Functions</title>
 267 !Iinclude/linux/skbuff.h
 268 !Iinclude/net/sock.h
 269 !Enet/socket.c
 270 !Enet/core/skbuff.c
 271 !Enet/core/sock.c
 272 !Enet/core/datagram.c
 273 !Enet/core/stream.c
 274      </sect1>
 275      <sect1><title>Socket Filter</title>
 276 !Enet/core/filter.c
 277      </sect1>
 278      <sect1><title>Generic Network Statistics</title>
 279 !Iinclude/linux/gen_stats.h
 280 !Enet/core/gen_stats.c
 281 !Enet/core/gen_estimator.c
 282      </sect1>
 283      <sect1><title>SUN RPC subsystem</title>
 284 <!-- The !D functionality is not perfect, garbage has to be protected by comments
 285 !Dnet/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c
 286 -->
 287 !Enet/sunrpc/xdr.c
 288 !Enet/sunrpc/svcsock.c
 289 !Enet/sunrpc/sched.c
 290      </sect1>
 291   </chapter>
 292
 293   <chapter id="netdev">
 294      <title>Network device support</title>
 295      <sect1><title>Driver Support</title>
 296 !Enet/core/dev.c
 297 !Enet/ethernet/eth.c
 298 !Iinclude/linux/etherdevice.h
 299 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 300 X!Enet/core/wireless.c
 301 -->
 302      </sect1>
 303      <sect1><title>Synchronous PPP</title>
 304 !Edrivers/net/wan/syncppp.c
 305      </sect1>
 306   </chapter>
 307
 308   <chapter id="modload">
 309      <title>Module Support</title>
 310      <sect1><title>Module Loading</title>
 311 !Ekernel/kmod.c
 312      </sect1>
 313      <sect1><title>Inter Module support</title>
 314         <para>
 315            Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
 316         </para>
 317 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 318 X!Ekernel/module.c
 319 -->
 320      </sect1>
 321   </chapter>
 322
 323   <chapter id="hardware">
 324      <title>Hardware Interfaces</title>
 325      <sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title>
 326 !Ekernel/irq/manage.c
 327      </sect1>
 328
 329      <sect1><title>DMA Channels</title>
 330 !Ekernel/dma.c
 331      </sect1>
 332
 333      <sect1><title>Resources Management</title>
 334 !Ikernel/resource.c
 335 !Ekernel/resource.c
 336      </sect1>
 337
 338      <sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title>
 339 !Earch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
 340      </sect1>
 341
 342      <sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title>
 343 !Edrivers/pci/pci.c
 344 !Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c
 345 !Edrivers/pci/remove.c
 346 !Edrivers/pci/pci-acpi.c
 347 !Edrivers/pci/search.c
 348 !Edrivers/pci/msi.c
 349 !Edrivers/pci/bus.c
 350 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 351 X!Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c
 352 -->
 353 !Edrivers/pci/probe.c
 354 !Edrivers/pci/rom.c
 355      </sect1>
 356      <sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title>
 357 !Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
 358      </sect1>
 359      <sect1><title>MCA Architecture</title>
 360         <sect2><title>MCA Device Functions</title>
 361            <para>
 362               Refer to the file arch/i386/kernel/mca.c for more information.
 363            </para>
 364 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 365 X!Earch/i386/kernel/mca.c
 366 -->
 367         </sect2>
 368         <sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title>
 369 !Iinclude/asm-i386/mca_dma.h
 370         </sect2>
 371      </sect1>
 372   </chapter>
 373
 374   <chapter id="firmware">
 375      <title>Firmware Interfaces</title>
 376      <sect1><title>DMI Interfaces</title>
 377 !Edrivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
 378      </sect1>
 379   </chapter>
 380
 381   <chapter id="security">
 382      <title>Security Framework</title>
 383 !Esecurity/security.c
 384   </chapter>
 385
 386   <chapter id="audit">
 387      <title>Audit Interfaces</title>
 388 !Ekernel/audit.c
 389 !Ikernel/auditsc.c
 390 !Ikernel/auditfilter.c
 391   </chapter>
 392
 393   <chapter id="accounting">
 394      <title>Accounting Framework</title>
 395 !Ikernel/acct.c
 396   </chapter>
 397
 398   <chapter id="pmfuncs">
 399      <title>Power Management</title>
 400 !Ekernel/power/pm.c
 401   </chapter>
 402
 403   <chapter id="devdrivers">
 404      <title>Device drivers infrastructure</title>
 405      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title>
 406 <!--
 407 X!Iinclude/linux/device.h
 408 -->
 409 !Edrivers/base/driver.c
 410 !Edrivers/base/core.c
 411 !Edrivers/base/class.c
 412 !Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c
 413 !Edrivers/base/transport_class.c
 414 !Edrivers/base/dmapool.c
 415 <!-- Cannot be included, because
 416      attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter
 417  and attribute_container_classdev_to_container
 418      exceed allowed 44 characters maximum
 419 X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c
 420 -->
 421 !Edrivers/base/sys.c
 422 <!--
 423 X!Edrivers/base/interface.c
 424 -->
 425 !Edrivers/base/platform.c
 426 !Edrivers/base/bus.c
 427      </sect1>
 428      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title>
 429 !Edrivers/base/power/main.c
 430 !Edrivers/base/power/resume.c
 431 !Edrivers/base/power/suspend.c
 432      </sect1>
 433      <sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title>
 434 <!-- Internal functions only
 435 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c
 436 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c
 437 X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c
 438 X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c
 439 -->
 440 !Edrivers/acpi/scan.c
 441 !Idrivers/acpi/scan.c
 442 <!-- No correct structured comments
 443 X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c
 444 -->
 445      </sect1>
 446      <sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title>
 447 !Edrivers/pnp/core.c
 448 <!-- No correct structured comments
 449 X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c
 450  -->
 451 !Edrivers/pnp/card.c
 452 !Edrivers/pnp/driver.c
 453 !Edrivers/pnp/manager.c
 454 !Edrivers/pnp/support.c
 455      </sect1>
 456   </chapter>
 457
 458   <chapter id="blkdev">
 459      <title>Block Devices</title>
 460 !Eblock/ll_rw_blk.c
 461   </chapter>
 462
 463   <chapter id="chrdev">
 464         <title>Char devices</title>
 465 !Efs/char_dev.c
 466   </chapter>
 467
 468   <chapter id="miscdev">
 469      <title>Miscellaneous Devices</title>
 470 !Edrivers/char/misc.c
 471   </chapter>
 472
 473   <chapter id="parportdev">
 474      <title>Parallel Port Devices</title>
 475 !Iinclude/linux/parport.h
 476 !Edrivers/parport/ieee1284.c
 477 !Edrivers/parport/share.c
 478 !Idrivers/parport/daisy.c
 479   </chapter>
 480
 481   <chapter id="viddev">
 482      <title>Video4Linux</title>
 483 !Edrivers/media/video/videodev.c
 484   </chapter>
 485
 486   <chapter id="snddev">
 487      <title>Sound Devices</title>
 488 !Iinclude/sound/core.h
 489 !Esound/sound_core.c
 490 !Iinclude/sound/pcm.h
 491 !Esound/core/pcm.c
 492 !Esound/core/device.c
 493 !Esound/core/info.c
 494 !Esound/core/rawmidi.c
 495 !Esound/core/sound.c
 496 !Esound/core/memory.c
 497 !Esound/core/pcm_memory.c
 498 !Esound/core/init.c
 499 !Esound/core/isadma.c
 500 !Esound/core/control.c
 501 !Esound/core/pcm_lib.c
 502 !Esound/core/hwdep.c
 503 !Esound/core/pcm_native.c
 504 !Esound/core/memalloc.c
 505 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 506 X!Isound/sound_firmware.c
 507 -->
 508   </chapter>
 509
 510   <chapter id="uart16x50">
 511      <title>16x50 UART Driver</title>
 512 !Iinclude/linux/serial_core.h
 513 !Edrivers/serial/serial_core.c
 514 !Edrivers/serial/8250.c
 515   </chapter>
 516
 517   <chapter id="z85230">
 518      <title>Z85230 Support Library</title>
 519 !Edrivers/net/wan/z85230.c
 520   </chapter>
 521
 522   <chapter id="fbdev">
 523      <title>Frame Buffer Library</title>
 524
 525      <para>
 526        The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures.
 527        These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h.  They are
 528        fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs.
 529        The last three can be made available to and from userland.
 530      </para>
 531
 532      <para>
 533        fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card.
 534        Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a
 535        collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work.
 536        fb_info is only visible to the kernel.
 537      </para>
 538
 539      <para>
 540        fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card
 541        that are user defined.  With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as
 542        depth and the resolution may be defined.
 543      </para>
 544
 545      <para>
 546        The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the
 547        properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't
 548        be changed otherwise.  A good example of this is the start of the
 549        frame buffer memory.  This "locks" the address of the frame buffer
 550        memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved.
 551      </para>
 552
 553      <para>
 554        The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was
 555        little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things
 556        such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With
 557        the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used
 558        correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked.  fb_monospecs
 559        will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x.
 560      </para>
 561
 562      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title>
 563 !Edrivers/video/fbmem.c
 564      </sect1>
 565 <!--
 566      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title>
 567 X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c
 568      </sect1>
 569 -->
 570      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title>
 571 !Edrivers/video/fbcmap.c
 572      </sect1>
 573 <!-- FIXME:
 574   drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml.  Comment
 575   out until somebody adds docs.  KAO
 576      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title>
 577 X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c
 578      </sect1>
 579 KAO -->
 580      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title>
 581 !Idrivers/video/modedb.c
 582 !Edrivers/video/modedb.c
 583      </sect1>
 584      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title>
 585 !Edrivers/video/macmodes.c
 586      </sect1>
 587      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title>
 588         <para>
 589            Refer to the file drivers/video/console/fonts.c for more information.
 590         </para>
 591 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 592 X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c
 593 -->
 594      </sect1>
 595   </chapter>
 596 </book>