[ARM] Introduce new bitmask based cache type macros

Rather than trying to (inaccurately) decode the cache type from the
registers each time we need to decide what type of cache we have,
use a bitmask initialized early during boot.

Since the setup is a one-off initialization, we can be a little more
clever and take account of the CPU architecture as well.

Note that we continue to achieve the compactness on optimised kernels
by forcing tests to always-false or always-true as appropriate, thereby
allowing the compiler to do build-time code elimination.

Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>