rbd: define rbd_update_mapping_size()

Encapsulate the code that handles updating the size of a mapping
after an rbd image has been refreshed.  This is done in anticipation
of the next patch, which will make this common code for format 1 and
2 images.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>