IB/core: Fix sparse warnings about redeclared functions

Fix a few functions that are declared with __attribute_const__ in the
ib_verbs.h header file but defined without it in verbs.c.  This gets rid
of the following sparse warnings:

    drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:51:5: error: symbol 'ib_rate_to_mult' redeclared with different type (originally declared at include/rdma/ib_verbs.h:469) - different modifiers
    drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:68:14: error: symbol 'mult_to_ib_rate' redeclared with different type (originally declared at include/rdma/ib_verbs.h:607) - different modifiers
    drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:85:5: error: symbol 'ib_rate_to_mbps' redeclared with different type (originally declared at include/rdma/ib_verbs.h:476) - different modifiers
    drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:111:1: error: symbol 'rdma_node_get_transport' redeclared with different type (originally declared at include/rdma/ib_verbs.h:84) - different modifiers

Signed-off-by: Roland Dreier <roland@purestorage.com>