[ALSA] ca0106 - Check value range in ctl callbacks

Check the value ranges in ctl put callbacks properly.
Some callbacks may access a wrong pointer depending on the value passed.
Also, fixed the access to the wrong field for enum values, and fixed
some callbacks to return the proper error code.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>