dccp: Clamping RTT values

This extracts the clamping part of dccp_sample_rtt() and makes it available
to other parts of the code (as e.g. used in the next patch).

Note: The function dccp_sample_rtt() now reduces to subtracting the elapsed
time. This could be eliminated but would require shorter prefixes and thus
is not done by this patch - maybe an idea for later.

Signed-off-by: Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk>