random: add and use memzero_explicit() for clearing data

commit d4c5efdb97773f59a2b711754ca0953f24516739 upstream.

zatimend has reported that in his environment (3.16/gcc4.8.3/corei7)
memset() calls which clear out sensitive data in extract_{buf,entropy,
entropy_user}() in random driver are being optimized away by gcc.

Add a helper memzero_explicit() (similarly as explicit_bzero() variants)
that can be used in such cases where a variable with sensitive data is
being cleared out in the end. Other use cases might also be in crypto
code. [ I have put this into lib/string.c though, as it's always built-in
and doesn't need any dependencies then. ]

Fixes kernel bugzilla: 82041

Reported-by: zatimend@hotmail.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
[bwh: Backported to 3.2:
 - extract_buf() needs to use this for the 'extract' array as well
 - Adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>